8L xC)pJJJJ IH(ȱH:=IH[H`@H^H 2 9 @   I/H`JLNGȄBȄF aK ' faaFF  RJm# KKJ qJ )J ۈJJm  JFȱJGJKaȄM ' 5aaNNJFLGJ7w<06*BFAQS.2S READ.ME.FIRSTSEG.TS?III.INT.044M81' FINDER.DATA`81pU)FAQS.2M(M-READ.ME.FIRST NM O#%SEG.T jMŸ/ `a  XL LG &PRODOS`DaElH$?EGvѶK+`L XX LU ŠϠĠӥS)*+,+`F)) (*=GJFjJJA QE'+ '== `@ STSP8QSS8 m P o R(8RFAQS.2vM(' '-K.12.INET.FAQ tM#O-FINDER.DATAUM8pM*A2.FAQ.PT1Cl( Onformation. For new user questions of a more general nature, the reader should get FYI 4, "FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to Commonly Asked 'New Internet User' Questions" [1]. For information on how to get this document, see Appendix B. It is impnity, while others are shared by any new user. This document attempts first to define the most frequently asked questions related to the use of the Internet in pre-university education and then to provide not only answers but also pointers to further iIn general, this group of users approaches the Internet with less experience in data network technology and fewer technical and user support resources than other Internet user groups. Many of their questions are related to the special needs of the commuTo Get Documents Electronically Appendix C: Glossary of Terms Used in This Document 1. Introduction The elementary and secondary school community of teachers, media specialists, administrators, and students is a growing population on the Internet. d. Collaboration, Projects, and Resources 8. Suggested Reading 9. Resources and Contacts 10. References 11. Security Considerations 12. Author's Address Appendix A: Examples of Projects Using the Internet Appendix B: How 3. Questions About the Internet in an Educational Setting 4. Questions About School Support for an Internet Connection 5. Questions About Implementation and Technical Options 6. Questions About Security and Ethics 7. Questions About Ehe Internet, who are accessing the Internet via dial-up or another means which is not a direct connection, or who are considering an Internet connection as a resource for their schools. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Acknowledgments d about the Internet by those in the primary and secondary school community, and to provide pointers to sources which answer those questions. It is directed at educators, school media specialists, and school administrators who are recently connected to to HTML by rmuir@chs.cusd.claremont.edu. Abstract The goal of this FYI RFC, produced by the Internet School Networking (ISN) group in the User Services Area of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), is to document the questions most commonly aske "Primary and Secondary School Internet User" Questions Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Editing int K.12.INET.FAQ Network Working Group J. Sellers Request for Comments: 1578 NASA NREN/Sterling Software FYI: 22 February 1994 Category: Informational FYI on Questions and Answers Answers to Commonly Asked  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ortant to remember that the Internet is a volatile and changing virtual environment. I have tried to include only the most stable of network services when listing resources and groups for you to contact, which is a good solution to the problem of changing offerings on the Internet, but by no means a fool-proof one. This constant change also means that there is a lot out there that you will discover as you begin to explore on your own. Future updates of this document will be produced as Internet Schoo teaching profession is well-known among educators. By having access to colleagues in other parts of the world, as well as to those who work outside of classrooms, educators able to reach the Internet are not as isolated. A hands-on classroom tool, thld friends, and colleagues in education. With access to the Internet, your site can become a valuable source of information as well. Consider the expertise in your school which could be shared with others around the world. The isolation inherent in theojects, collaboration, curriculum materials, and idea sharing not found in schools without Internet access. Internet access also makes contact with people all over the world possible, bringing into the classroom experts in every content area, new and ouding original source materials. It brings information, data, images, and even computer software into the classroom from places otherwise impossible to reach, and it does this almost instantly. Access to these resources can yield individual and group prfound in Appendix B. 3.2 What are the benefits of using the Internet in the classroom? The Internet expands classroom resources dramatically by making many resources from all over the world available to students, teachers, and media specialists, inclational organization for Internet cooperation and coordination. See Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". For a more complete basic introduction to the Internet, see FYI 20, "What is the Internet?" [2]. Instructions on retrieving FYI documents can be services. The Internet has become a major global infrastructure for education, research, professional learning, public service, and business and is currently growing at the rate of about ten percent per month. The Internet Society serves as the internand 10 millions users of the system to collaborate easily and quickly through messaging, discussion groups, and conferencing. Users are able to discover and access people and information, distribute information, and experiment with new technologies and around the world that make it possible to share information almost instantly. The networks are owned by countless commercial, research, governmental, and educational organizations and individuals. The Internet allows the more than 1.5 million computers contributions to the document, her expert advice, and her unparalleled support. 3. Questions About the Internet in an Educational Setting 3.1 What is the Internet? The Internet is a collection of more than 10,000 interconnected computer networks hael Newell, NASA Advanced Network Applications, who not only made contributions but also kept a steady stream of feedback flowing. Extra special thanks go to the remarkable Ms. April Marine of the NASA Network Applications and Information Center for hertute for Teacher Training of the German federal state of Hesia (HILF), and educator; Ellen Hoffman, Merit Network, Inc.; William Manning, Rice University; and Anthony Rutkowski, CNRI. Special thanks go to Raymond Harder, Microcomputer Consultant, and Micdgments The author wishes to thank for their help and contributions to this document the members of the Consortium for School Networking, Kidsphere, and Ednet electronic mailing lists, Ronald Elliott, Science and Technology Center; Klaus Fueller, Instil Networking working group members are made aware of new questions and of insufficient or inaccurate information in the document. The RFC number of this document will change with each update, but the FYI number (22) will remain the same. 2. Acknowlee use of networks can be a motivator for students in and of itself, and their use encourages the kind of independence and autonomy that many educators agree is important for students to achieve in their learning process. Because class, race, ability, and disability are removed as factors in communication while using the Internet, it is a natural tool for addressing the needs of all students; exactly how this is done will vary from district to district as schools empower individual teachers and studentuse use of the Internet shifts focus away from a teacher-as-expert model and toward one of shared responsibility for learning, it can be a vital part of school reform. Much of school reform attempts to move away from teacher isolation and toward teacher ators to spend money on an unfamiliar resource. In order to move the Internet connection closer to the top of your school's priority list, consider at least two possibilities. First, your school may be in the process of reform, as are many schools. Becaparent. Costs for a low end connection can be quite reasonable. (See the next question.) The challenge facing those advocating an Internet connection sometimes has less to do with the actual cost than it has with the difficulty of convincing administr for an Internet Connection 4.1 Where does my school get the money for connecting to the Internet? Although school budgets are impossibly tight in most cases, the cost of an Internet connection can be squeezed from the budget when its value becomes apcific service you're currently using, ask its support personnel if you have Internet access, or call the InterNIC. See Section 9, "Resources and Contacts" for how to reach the InterNIC, FrEdMail, FidoNet, and K12Net. 4. Questions About School Supporternet which provide inexpensive access to some Internet services. If you can use interactive computer access (Telnet) and electronic file transfer (FTP), as well as electronic mail, you are probably "on" the Internet. If you have questions about the speation and coordination, etc. Some provide value-added service, but don't allow for all basic Internet services. Networks like FrEdMail (Free Educational Electronic Mail), FidoNet, and K12Net are bulletin board and conferencing systems linked via the Intwork of many different networks, you may be using one of the networks which is connected to the Internet. Some commercial programs for schools use networks and provide value-added service, such as curriculum software, technical support, project organizrs' schedules. 3.4 I'm already using the National Geographic Kids Network (or PBS Learning Link or FrEdMail or ______). Does this have anything to do with the Internet? Is the Internet different from what I'm already using? Since the Internet is a nete new tools being developed all the time to make Internet resources more easily accessible. As the value of the Internet as an educational resource becomes more evident, school systems will need to look toward building the time to use it into educatoesource impossible for educators and others. Many features of the Internet, such as the availability of online library catalogs and information articles, will actually end up saving considerable time once an instructor learns to use them, and there arplore resources and pursue relationships via the Internet. Those who do so feel that it is well worth the rich rewards. It's important that computers used to access the Internet are readily available and not so far away physically as to make using the ro their busy schedules? Most educators learn about the Internet during the time they use to learn about any new teaching tool or resource. Realistically, of course, this means they "steal" time at lunch, on week-ends, and before and after school to exs. School reform, which is much on the minds of many educators today, can be supported by the use of the Internet as one of many educational tools. See the answer to Question 4.1 for more specifics. 3.3 How can educators incorporate this resource intcollaboration, away from learning in a school-only context and toward learning in a life context, away from an emphasis on knowing and toward an emphasis on learning, away from a focus on content and toward a focus on concepts [3]. The Internet can play an integral part in helping to achieve these shifts. Second, to demonstrate the value of a connection, actual Internet access is more useful than words. While this may sound like a chicken-and-egg situation (I have to have Internet access to get Internmputer with SLIP or PPP software, telecommunications applications software (to allow you to use telnet and FTP - File Transfer Protocol), and a modem which is compatible with your dial-up service. The approximate cost, not including the PC or the cost oee of approximately US $30. Mid-range: You could subscribe to a dial-up service that provides Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or Point to Point Protocol (PPP), allowing your computer to effectively become a host on the Internet. You will need a coill need a computer which allows terminal emulation, terminal emulation software, and a modem which is compatible with your dial-up service. The approximate cost, not including the PC or the cost of the phone call, is US $100 to US $800 plus a monthly fe also the answer to Question 5.5. Low-end: You could subscribe to some kind of Internet dial-up service. This may be provided by a vendor at a cost, by a local university gratis, or as a part of a public access service like a community network. You wonsultants. To give you an idea of possible equipment needs, here are three sample scenarios, based on possible solutions found in the United States. Keep in mind that these are very general examples and that there are many solutions at each level. Se and getting answers to them, begin asking at local colleges, universities, technology companies, government agencies, community networks (often called "freenets"), local electronic bulletin board systems (BBS), network access providers, or technology con varies tremendously with the location of your site and the kind of connection that is appropriate to your needs. In order to determine the cost to your school, you will need to answer a number of questions. For help in learning what the questions areg services mentioned are primarily US based.) 4.2 How much does it cost to connect to the Internet, and what kind of equipment (hardware, software, etc.) does my school need in order to support an Internet connection? The cost of an Internet connectid since these monies are often awarded on a short-term basis, should probably be looked at as temporary means of funding your activities. For information on these organizations and their services, see Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". (Note: The fundinnd Improvement (OERI) and one maintained by the US National Science Foundation, also have information about grants and funding. Grants can be a way for you to acquire the initial money to demonstrate the value of telecommunications in the classroom, anrces Information Center (ERIC) has information on grants and funding. Ask for the AskERIC InfoGuide called "Grants and Funding Sources". Two network services, one maintained by the United States Department of Education's Office of Educational Research ate grants. Work with equipment vendors to provide the hardware needed at low or no cost to your school, and consider forming a School/Community Technology Committee, or a joint School District/School/Community Technology Committee. The Educational Resourvice providers, community networks, and government agencies for both guest accounts and funding ideas. For alternatives to your own school's budget or for supplements to it, look for funding in federal, state, and district budgets as well as from privaet access), some organizations will provide guest accounts on an Internet-connected computer for people in schools who are trying to convince others of the value of an Internet connection. Contact local colleges, universities, technology companies, sef the phone call, is US $100 to US $800 plus a monthly fee of approximately US $60. High-end: Your school or department could subscribe to a service that provides a full Internet connection to the school or department's local area network. This allows all the computers on the local area network access to the Internet. You will need a router and a connection to a network access provider's router. Typically the connection is a leased line with a CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit). A leasinute video describing the benefits to schools in using the Internet. The video is entitled, "Global Quest: The Internet in the Classroom", and it tells the story through interview clips with students and teachers who have experienced the power of compuat the Internet is and to encourage support for the use of telecommunications in primary and secondary schools. The NASA NREN (US National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Research and Education Network) K-12 Initiative has produced an 11-mt of Education has released a 17-minute video targeted at school administrators entitled "Experience the Power: Network Technology for Education". It uses interview clips of students, teachers, and policy makers in the United States to educate about whit for instruction in your classroom, you can make presentations at faculty, school/community, and school board meetings. The National Center for Education Statistics in the Office of Educational Research and Improvement at the United States Departmenecome convinced with exposure. One excited individual in the school who is able to show proof of concept by starting a pilot program can be the catalyst for a school or an entire district. If you can get an Internet account (as suggested above) and use ent with only occasional trips to the school. Additionally, vendors often provide some support, perhaps a help desk for basic questions. 4.4 How do I convince the people who do the purchasing in our school system to spend money on this? Most people b at the district level. Some schools are able to use volunteers from business, industry, or government agencies. Much of this type of support can be done over the network itself, which makes it possible for someone located off-site to maintain the equipm in the school. Depending on the hardware involved, there may be a need for technical support. Finding this kind of support, which schools will certainly need because it is not usually in place, may be tricky. Some districts are beginning to provide ither groups, is a good model for Internet training. A small group of motivated teachers can be provided with training and can then educate their colleagues. One advantage is that the initial group is able to target the specific needs of the other teachers of training, whether they are teachers, librarians, students, administrators, or people fulfilling other roles in the school. The train-the-trainer model, in which a group of people are trained in a subject or tool and each individual in turn trains otn for implementing technology in schools must consider staff development. Training is often the most neglected aspect of a technology plan, and a lack of training can lead to failure of the plan. In the case of the Internet, all users will need some kinding the computers, is US $2,000 to US $3,000 plus a monthly fee of at least US $200. 4.3 What is required in terms of personnel to support an Internet connection? (Will it require extra staff, training, more time of teachers and librarians?) Any plater system, is also needed, and your computer(s) will need some special software: a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) stack, as well as TCP/IP based communications software such as Telnet and FTP. The approximate cost, not included line is a permanent high speed telephone connection between two points; this allows you to have a high quality permanent Internet connection at all times. A local area network, which may consist only of the router and a PC, Macintosh, or other computer networking. For further information on the two videos, see "National Center for Education Statistics", and "NASA Central Operation of Resources for Educators" under "Organizations" in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". 4.5 Where do I go for technical support and training? Much technical support and training can be found by using the Internet itself. You can send questions to people in the know and join discussion lists and news groups that discuss and answer questions about support and train. If your school has a Local Area Network (LAN) with several computers on it, one dedicated Internet connection should be able to serve the whole school. If you are going to connect a lot of computers to the network, you will need to make sure your li our computers should we put on the Internet? You will probably want to make Internet *access* possible for as many of your school's computers as possible. If you are using a dial-up service, you may want a number of shared accounts throughout the schoolncy. There are a number of books about the Internet and how to get connected to it. A few are listed in Section 8, "Suggested Reading", and more are being published every month. Check libraries, bookstores, and booksellers' catalogs. 5.2 How many ofsiastic about the idea of using networks in schools and willing to help you who works as an independent consultant, in a local college or university, in a technology company, for a network access provider, at a community network, or in a government ageection 9, "Resources and Contacts". The global regional NICs such as the RIPE NCC in Europe can also provide a list of service providers. The APNIC in the Pacific Rim will have a similar list in the near future. You can sometimes locate a person enthuk in your area which gives accounts to educators and/or students, contact the Consortium for School Networking. The InterNIC has a list of regional and national network providers. Both the Consortium for School Networking and the InterNIC are listed in STechnical Options 5.1 How do I learn about options for getting my school connected? In the United States, there are a number of state-wide educational networks, most of them with access to the Internet. To find out if there is a state education networction 8, "Suggested Reading". There are books on almost every specific subject in the computing world that may answer your questions. For new books, check your local library, bookstore, or booksellers' catalogs. 5.Questions About Implementation and groups also offer formal classes and seminars. For those schools who have designated technical people, they are good candidates for classes and seminars. There are some documents for further reading and exploration that you may want to peruse. See Seources that you can tap. These are again colleges and universities, businesses, computer clubs and user groups, technology consultants, and government agencies. Your network access provider may offer training and support for technical issues, and otherof operating system, hardware, or software you have a question about. For example, comp.os.unix or comp.os.msdos.apps. To understand the culture and etiquette of Usenet News, read the group news.announce.newusers. Your local community may also have res interests, etc. By sending questions to an appropriate news group you can receive answers from people experienced with your particular problem. Specific news groups to look for are those beginning with "comp", for "computer", and followed by the type these are listed in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". Network News, or Usenet News, is a world-wide bulletin board system with discussion groups on various topics, including computer science, general science, social and cultural themes, recreationaling. One such list is Tipsheet, the Computer Help and Tip Exchange, the purpose of which is to provide a supportive setting where people can ask questions or discuss products. Other lists are the education-related lists mentioned in Question 7.2. All ofne speed is adequate. Most dial-up systems available today support speeds up to 14.4 Kbs (kilobits per second), which is adequate for no more than a couple of network users, depending upon the network utilities (FTP, etc.) they are using. If you are planning to connect a large number of users, you should probably consider a dedicated line of 56 Kbs or higher. 5.3 Should we set up a telecommunications lab or put networked computers in each classroom? A computer lab is an easier maintenance set-up fo, which gives a school some control over what kind of information is available to its students. The disadvantage to this type of Internet access is that you may be limited regarding the range of Internet applications you can use. FrEdMail, FidoNet, andre a couple of important advantages to such a system. First, it is much more affordable since such networks provide more efficient use of telephone lines, making a connection only while data is actually being transferred. Second, it allows for filterings groups as your site agrees to carry, as well as email, which includes access to mailing lists and listservs such as those listed in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". Many file servers also offer file transfer and other services via email. There act the next one along the path to the final destination, at which time it is "forwarded" along its way. Most computers are set up to process outgoing requests at least every 30 minutes. With this type of system you will have access to as many Usenet Newe, which can run on many different platforms including Amiga, IBM, and Macintosh. The connections are via dial-up phone lines using local phone numbers. Usenet News and email are "stored" on a computer until the time appointed for that computer to contane Internet connection? It is possible to create a local, store-and-forward network using various implementations of the Unix to Unix Copy (UUCP) software suite, available as public domain (free) or shareware (small fee which is often optional) softwaras a school/community meeting. At issue is the shared responsibility of educators and parents to monitor student Internet use. (See also Question 6.2.) 5.5 What are some of the options for using Internet services without paying for a full, dedicated-liey happen to have the necessary equipment at home. You will need to discuss whether you want to make this option available to students even if it is possible technically. This is best discussed with the community your school serves in a public forum such to consider the other options discussed in question 5.5 below. 5.4 Can people get on the Internet from home? This depends on your network access provider. It is certainly a possibility and is probably desirable for the educators at your school if th assuming phone lines are available. As use of the Internet catches on, it will be more effective to create a campus-wide local area network that is routed to the Internet through a dedicated line than to keep adding modems in classrooms. Or you may want will need to consider the options--dial-up access, a dedicated line, or some other possibility--and weigh them against your school's needs and priorities. You may want to investigate having one lab, the library, and a few classrooms with modem access,cience or language lab, it may be the best place for your school to begin to use the Internet. And finally, remember that the library is a natural place for people to access network resources! Networking all computers campus-wide can be expensive. Youose the lab option, you will probably want to get a commitment from specific teachers or media specialists to use the lab in the course of their teaching. You might also consider the other labs located throughout your school. For example, if you have a sr the person in charge of keeping the equipment running and allows each individual (or pair) in an entire class to be using a computer at the same time; a computer located in the classroom is more convenient for both the teacher and the class. If you cho K12Net are store-and-forward systems. FidoNet, for example, is a network of amateurs and hobbyists which operates on personal computers and is publicly accessible by anyone with a microcomputer and a modem. Contact information for all three organizations can be found in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". 6. Questions About Security and Ethics 6.1 Who should have access in the school, the teachers or the students? Clearly the answer is that all educators, including administrators and media sp download software programs and run them on your own computer. Any program you download over the network and run could have a virus. For that matter, any program, whether on tape or a disk, even commercial software still in its original packaging, mights cultures. 6.4 How do we keep viruses from attacking all our computers if we get connected to the Internet? If you use the Internet to exchange data (such as text or pictures), virus infection is generally not a problem. The real concern is when younts can be found in Section 8, "Suggested Reading". The pamphlet "Ethical Uses of Information Technologies in Education" is more applicable to the laws of the United States than to those of other countries, but several of the ideas are shared in variouaws may apply. Two sources of information which you can read to help you sort through security issues are: "Site Security Handbook" (FYI 8) "Ethical Uses of Information Technologies in Education" (Sivin & Bialo) The full references for these documeity is unquestionably important, both in maintaining the security of the school's computers and in ensuring the proper behavior of the school's students (and others who use the network). In this area, not only school policy, but also state and national lhe language of computer folks, a "hacker" is someone who is excellent at understanding and manipulating computer systems. A "cracker" is someone who maliciously and/or illegally enters or attempts to enter someone else's computer system. Computer securcise reasonable oversight while realizing that it is almost impossible to absolutely guarantee that students will not be able to access objectionable material. 6.3 How do we keep our own and other people's computers safe from student "hackers"? In tis is a less desirable option than teaching the ethics of Internet access as a matter of course, but may be used in combination with other methods to ensure the integrity of the school, its students, and its educators. In any case, schools need to exerally, schools should consider integrating issues around technology and ethics into the curriculum [4]. Another possibility is to control the times and opportunities that students have to access the Internet, and only allow access under supervision. The to send them objectionable material. For this reason, it is important that schools develop clear policies to guide students' use of the Internet and establish rules, and consequences for breaking them, that govern behavior on the Internet. Additiond consider objectionable for school-age children. The store-and-forward scenario described in Question 5.5 is one solution to filtering the information to which students have access, but if students are allowed to use email then it is possible for someono use a technical solution to prevent students from accessing objectionable material. Everyone on the network, including students, is able to download files from public electronic repositories, some of which contain materials that just about anyone woulthere are files on the Internet that parents would not like their children to get. How can students be kept from accessing this objectionable material? If your school has a direct Internet connection, and often even if it doesn't, it is not possible tecialists or librarians, AND students should have access to the Internet. There's no reason why support staff should not also have access. In elementary schools, access for students may be more supervised than in the upper grades. 6.2 I've heard that possibly have a virus. For this reason, all computers should have virus protection software running on them. Virus checking software is available free over the Internet via Anonymous FTP from the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), which is run by the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). The Anonymous FTP host computer is ftp.cert.org. (For information on using Anonymous FTP, see Appendix B.) Your hardware or software vendor, your network access provider, your technical s(NECC) is held annually, as is Tel-Ed, a conference sponsored by the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). ISTE maintains an online server which has a calendar of conferences all over the world in telecommunications for education. Tt News groups in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts" are rich with people who want to collaborate on projects involving use of the Internet. There are also a number of conferences you may want to look in to. The National Education Computing Conference ointers for finding out more about these useful tools. It is listed in Section 8, "Suggested Reading". 7.2 Where do I go to find colleagues who support networking and schools willing to participate in projects? The electronic mailing lists and Useneovery tools is the "Guide to Network Resource Tools" written by the European Academic Research Networks (EARN) Association. It explains the basics of tools such as Gopher, Veronica, WAIS, Archie, and the World Wide Web, as well as others, and provides pucator's Guide to E- Mail Lists", both of which are listed in Section 8, "Suggested Reading". As you explore the Internet, there are some tools that will help you find projects that are already developed. A good overview of many of these resource discs well. For subscription to these and other electronic lists and for names of news groups, see Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". For news groups and mailing lists of special interest to educators, see the "Ednet Guide to Usenet Newsgroups" and "An Edg lists such as Ednet, Kidsphere, and the Consortium for School Networking Discussion List (cosndisc) post their projects and ask for partners and collaborators. The K12 hierarchy of Usenet News has several groups where educators post these invitations ank is directed at primary and secondary school educators. NYSERNet's Empire Internet Schoolhouse is an extension of its Bridging the Gap program. For access to these and others, see Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". Many people on electronic mailin at the primary and secondary school communities, and the number is growing. The InterNIC gopher server has a section on K-12 (Kindergarten through 12th grade) Education, the Consortium for School Networking maintains a gopher server, and NASA's Spacelie provider's AUP. 7.Questions About Educational Collaboration, Projects, and Resources 7.1 How can I find specific projects using the Internet that are already developed? There are a several resources on the Internet that are directed specificallyork for commercial purposes. If such a policy is not mentioned, ask for it. All users are expected to know what the acceptable and unacceptable uses of their network are. Remember that it is essential to establish a school-wide policy in addition to their Acceptable Use Policy (AUP). This policy explains the acceptable and non-acceptable uses for your connection. For example, it is in all cases unacceptable to use the network for illegal purposes. It may, in some cases, be unacceptable to use the netww or send the question to a mailing list or news group to find the most reliable sites for software access. 6.5 What are the rules for using the Internet? When your Internet connection is established, your access provider should acquaint you with thupport resources, or your colleagues on network mailing lists should be able to provide more specific information applicable to your site. To help reduce the risk of downloading a virus with your program, try to use trusted sources. Ask someone you knohe INET conference is the annual conference for the Internet Society. See Section 9, "Resources and Contacts", for contact information for these organizations and for information on access to ISTE's online server. 7.3 What are some examples of how the Internet is being used in classrooms now? Projects which use the Internet sometimes request sites from all over the world to contribute data from the local area then compile that data for use by all. Weather patterns, pollutants in water or air, and ives practical tutorials on using network tools and services. NetTEACH NEWS is published ten times a year, and is available both hardcopy and via email. Subscription information can be found in Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". 7.5 How can I add my dary school educators interested in networking. It contains information on new services on the Internet that are of interest to educators, projects for collaboration, conferences, new books and publications, and includes "The Instruction Corner", which gronment, so they become outdated quickly. Check libraries, bookstores, and booksellers' catalogs for these guides. One answer to the problem of printed Internet guides is the newsletter. NetTEACH NEWS is a newsletter specifically for primary and seconing". For help in retrieving the documents electronically, see Appendix B. There are also printed guides to the Internet appearing along with the new books on the Internet. The problem with paper resource guides is that the Internet is a changing enviDigest "Internet Basics", the ERIC Review "K-12 Networking", "Instructional Development for Distance Education", and "Strategies for Teaching at a Distance". Complete bibliographic information for these documents is listed in Section 8, "Suggested Reads at two universities in 1992 and 1993. Ednet's "Educator's Guide to Email Lists" is available electronically, as is the "Ednet Guide to Usenet News Groups". ERIC offers several documents relating to telecommunications and education, including the ERIC compiled by the NCSA Education Group and is available online. The "Internet Resource Directory for Educators, Version 2" is also available online. It was prepared by a team of 46 teachers in Nebraska and Texas who were enrolled in telecomputing courseloration? There are a number of resource guides, and so far only a couple are directed specifically at an education audience. "An Incomplete Guide to the Internet and Other Telecommunications Opportunities Especially for Teachers and Students K-12" isbuilding a support system for secondary school educators. For contact information on these groups and server access, refer to Section 9, "Resources and Contacts". 7.4 Is there a manual that lists sites on the Internet particularly useful for class explty with communicating, and Chatback International, directed at any school on the Internet, maintain a network server that you may want to investigate. The European Schools Project involves approximately 200 schools in 20 countries and has as its goal project of the non-profit Copen Family Fund, facilitates telecommunications in schools around the world. Chatback Trust, initiated to provide email for schools in the United Kingdom and around the world with students who have mental or physical difficu who are ten through fifteen years old. Another place to look is Academy One of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN), which usually has between 5 and 10 projects running at a time. The International Education and Research Network (I*EARN), ang the Internet. There are a number of specific projects you may find interesting. KIDS-94 (and subsequent years), managed by the non-profit KIDLINK Society, is one. It currently includes ten discussion lists and services, some of them only for people Monarch butterfly migration are some of the data that has been collected over the Internet. In Appendix A you will find several examples from the Kidsphere electronic mailing list, each from a different content area and representing different ways of usiown contributions to the Internet? The network server operated by the Consortium for School Networking exists expressly for the sharing of ideas by the elementary and secondary school community. Educators are encouraged to submit projects, lesson plans, and ideas. A gopher server maintained by PSGnet and RAINet also accepts educator submissions for addition to the many sections of its menu tree devoted to elementary and secondary school interests. See Section 9, "Resources and Contacts" for informatioline: ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu Education/Education_Resources/Incomplete_Guide To order a hardcopy, contact: Valerie Sheehan NCSA Education Group 605 E. Springfield Ave. Champaign, IL 61820 vsheehan@ncsa.uiuc.edu or: Lisa Bievenue NCS for the plain ASCII text format, or ...GET NETTOOLS PS for the PostScript version *"Incomplete Guide to the Internet and Other Telecommunications Opportunities Especially for Teachers and Students K-12", NCSA Education Group. July, 1993. on-tool-guide.txt ds.internic.net pub/internet-doc/EARN.nettools.ps and EARN.nettools.txt via email: send a message to... ...LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET leave the subject blank and in the first line of the body, enter... ...GET NETTOOLS TXT line: naic.nasa.gov files/general_info/earn-resource-tool-guide.ps and earn-resource-tool-guide.txt ftp.earn.net pub/doc/resource-tool-guide.ps and resource-tool-guide.txt ns.ripe.net earn/earn-resource-tool-guide.ps and earn-resourcees ds.internic.net (198.49.45.10) fyi/fyi##.txt Pacific Rim munnari.oz.au (128.250.1.21) fyi/fyi##.txt Europe nic.nordu.net (192.36.148.17) fyi/fyi##.txt *"Guide to Network Resource Tools", EARN Association. May 1993. 64 pp. on (fyi19.txt or rfc1463.txt) *FYI 20, "What is the Internet?" Krol, E. and E. Hoffman. (fyi20.txt or rfc1462.txt) The FYI series is online in the following locations. Choose the site nearest you from which to download the files: United Stat *FYI 18 "Internet Users' Glossary", LaQuey Parker, T. and G. Malkin. (fyi18.txt or rfc1392.txt) *FYI 19 "Introducing the Internet--A Short Bibliography of Introductory Internetworking Reading for the Network Novice", Hoffman, E. and L. Jackson.*FYI 8 "Site Security Handbook", Holbrook, J.P. and J.K. Reynolds. (fyi8.txt or rfc1244.txt) *FYI 16 "Connecting to the Internet: What Connecting Institutions Should Anticipate", ACM SIGUCCS Networking Task Force. (fyi16.txt or rfc1359.txt) , 1993. *FYI 4 "FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to Commonly asked "New Internet User" Questions",Malkin, G.S. and A. Marine. (fyi4.txt or rfc1325.txt) *FYI 5 "Choosing a Name for Your Computer",Libes, D. (fyi5.txt or rfc1178.txt) dnet Guide to Usenet Newsgroups" online: nic.umass.edu pub/ednet/edusenet.gde *"Educator's Guide to E-Mail Lists" online: nic.umass.edu pub/ednet/educatrs.lst Fraase, M. The Mac Internet Tour Guide. Chapel Hill, NC: Ventana Pressested Reading Those items marked with an asterisk (*) are available free online. For information on retrieving documents electronically, see Appendix B. Dearn, D. The Internet Guide for New Users. Washington, DC: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994. *"Ef schools in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States shares one such server, and there you could recently find and download to your own computer photographs and notes from an exhibit on the architecture of one of the elementary schools. 8.Suggperience. The electronic mail lists and news groups mentioned are also places to share your knowledge and yourself as a resource, and as you gain experience you may find you have the knowledge to put up an electronic server at your own site. A group on on reaching CoSN or submitting materials, and for access to the server maintained by PSGnet and RAINet. It is important to remember that anything you create should be updated for others as you make changes yourself in the course of your learning by exA Education Group 605 E. Springfield Ave. Champaign, IL 61820 bievenue@ncsa.uiuc.edu *Internet Resource Directory for Educators online: tcet.unt.edu pub/telecomputing-info/IRD/IRD-telnet-sites.txt, IRD-ftp-archives.txt, IRD-listservs.txt, and IRD-infusion-ideas.txt Kehoe, Brendan. Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992. Krol, E. The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 199T (A list for school library media specialists worldwide) To subscribe, send a message to... listserv@suvm.syr.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe LM_NET YourFirstName YourLastName subscribe, send a message to... listserv@suvm.syr.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe k12admin YourFirstName YourLastName To post, send a message to... k12admin@suvm.syr.edu LM_NEation on KIDLINK, send email to the same listserv address, leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... get kidlink general K12admin (A list for K-12 educators interested in educational administration) To ubscribe to the news service by sending a message to... listserv@vm1.nodak.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe KIDLINK YourFirstName YourLastName To receive a file of general informmass.edu Kidsphere To subscribe, send a message to... kidsphere-request@vms.cis.pitt.edu Type any message asking to be added to the list. To post, send a message to... kidsphere@vms.cis.pitt.edu KIDS-95/KIDLINK To learn about KIDLINK projects, sren.org Ednet To subscribe, send a message to... listserv@nic.umass.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe ednet YourFirstName YourLastName To post, send a message to... ednet@nic.u List) To subscribe, send a message to... listproc@yukon.cren.org Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe cosndisc YourFirstName YourLastName To post, send a message to... cosndisc@yukon.c95 Preston White Drive Suite 100 Reston, Virginia 22091 USA Phone: 703-648-9888 Fax: 703-620-0913 Email: isoc@isoc.org ---------------------- ELECTRONIC MAIL LISTS: ---------------------- Cosndisc (Consortium for School Networking Discussionuoregon.edu (Compuserve: 70014,2117) (AppleLink: ISTE) Electronic access to a calendar of conferences all over the world and other information is available on the ISTE server. See "Network Servers" in this section. INET Internet Society 18 Contacts ------------ CONFERENCES: ------------ NECC and Tel-Ed International Society for Technology in Education 1787 Agate Street Eugene, Oregon 97403-1923 USA phone: 503-346-4414 or 1-800-336-5191 fax: 503-346-5890 email: iste@oregon.r, A. and J. Postel. June 1993. (rfc1480.txt) This document will also be useful to people not in the United States. See the sites listed under the FYI documents for the location nearest you from which to download the file. 9. Resources and20 from within the United States or 301-251-5500 from outside of the United States. Or write to: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Washington, DC 20531 *RFC 1480 "The US Domain", CoopePrentice-Hall, 1993. Sivin, J.P. and Bialo, E.R. "Ethical Uses of Information Technologies in Education", 1992. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. To order, call 800-851-342. LaQuey, T. The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1992. Marine, A., S. Kirkpatrick, V. Neou, and C. Ward. Internet: Getting Started. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: To post, send a message to... LM_NET@suvm.syr.edu SIGTEL-L (A list for the Special Interest Group for Telecommunications, a service of the International Society for Technology in Education) To subscribe, send a message to... SIGTEL-L@unmvma.unm.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe SIGTEL-L YourFirstName YourLastName To post, send a message to... SIGTEL-L@unmvma.unm.edu Tipsheet (Computer Help and Tip Exchange) To subscribe, k12.chat.elementary k12.chat.junior k12.chat.senior k12.chat.teacher k12.ed.art k12.ed.business k12.ed.comp.literacy k12.ed.health-pe k12.ed.life-skills k12.ed.math k12.ed.music k12.ed.science k12.ed.soc-studies k12.ed.special k12.ed.tag k12et and RAINet gopher server via telnet... telnet gopher.psg.com login: gopher (no password) via gopher... gopher.psg.com (port 70) ------------ NEWS GROUPS: ------------ alt.education.distance alt.kids-talk comp.security.announce t (US Department of Education) gopher server via gopher... gopher.ed.gov (port 70) The OERI gopher server contains educational research and statistics, as well as information about the United States Department of Education and its programs. PSGne Foundation's (United States) Science and Technology Information System (STIS) via telnet... telnet stis.nsf.gov login: public Follow instructions on screen. via gopher... stis.nsf.gov (port 70) Office of Educational Research and Improvementructions on screen.) To find information on the NASA Teacher Resource Center Network or for a NASA Select television schedule, enter "g" for GO TO, then enter either "TRC" or "NASA Select". via FTP... ftp spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov National Sciencservice via gopher... kids.duq.edu (port 70) via telnet... telnet kids.duq.edu login: gopher (no password) NASA Spacelink via telnet... telnet spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov login: newuser password: newuser (Follow registration insSearch Titles in This Gopher Server" and enter ISTE when asked what to search for. InterNIC gopher server via gopher... is.internic.net (port 70) via telnet... telnet is.internic.net login: gopher (no password) KIDS Gopher, a KIDLINK l Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) gopher server via gopher... gopher.uoregon.edu (port 70) via telnet... telnet gopher.uoregon.edu login: gopher (no password) Once connected via either of these two methods, use the menu item " you're interested in. A human will answer you.) via gopher... ericir.syr.edu (port 70) Empire Internet Schoolhouse via gopher... nysernet.org (port 70) via telnet... telnet nysernet.org login: empire (no password) Internationa)", and move to eric-digests. For help in WAIS, type a question mark.) via FTP... ftp ericir.syr.edu login: anonymous password: your_email_address cd pub via email... mail askeric@ericir.syr.edu (In your message ask for the topicucational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Digests Archives are available via telnet... telnet bbs.oit.unc.edu login: launch (Follow directions on screen for registration. At the main menu, choose number 4, "Topical Document Search (WAIS Choose "SJU Unibase Bulletin Board and Conference System" from menu which then comes up. Consortium for School Networking gopher server via gopher... cosn.org (port 70) via telnet... telnet cosn.org login: gopher (no password) EdTrust and Chatback International network server via telnet... telnet rdz.stjohns.edu login: student (Follow login instructions on screen.) via gopher... sjuvm.stjohns.edu (port 70) Choose "Rehabilitation Resource Center" from first menu.send a message to... listserv@wsuvm1.csc.wsu.edu Leave the Subject field blank, and in the first line of the body of the message enter... subscribe tipsheet YourFirstName YourLastName ---------------- NETWORK SERVERS: ---------------- Chatback .ed.tech k12.edu.life-skills (especially for school counselors) k12.euro.teachers (in Europe) k12.lang.art k12.lang.deutsch-eng k12.lang.esp-eng k12.lang.francais k12.lang.russian k12.library k12.sys.projects misc.education misc.education.language.english misc.kids misc.kids.computer news.announce.newusers pubnet.nixpub (where a list of open access Unix sites is often posted, for those looking for access to Usenet News and email only) ----------- NEWSLETTER: ----------- NetTEACH NEWSuest an application at the above address. To contribute your ideas, lesson plans, projects, etc., for others to access over the Internet, send to email to: ferdi@digital.cosn.org European Schools Project University of Amsterdam CICT/SCO Grotel: info@cosn.org According to a recent brochure, "The Consortium for School Networking is a membership organization of institutions formed to further the development and use of computer network technology in K-12 education." To join CoSN, reql is the expansion of that project onto the Internet and is concerned with the use of networks to educate all children. Consortium for School Networking P.O. Box 65193 Washington, DC 20035-5193 USA Phone: 202-466-6296 Fax: 202-872-4318 EMaiDP Phone: +44-926-888333 Fax: +44-926-420204 EMail: t.holloway@warwick.ac.uk The Chatback Trust is the organization which was originally concerned primarily with school children with various types of language disorder. Chatback Internationapartment St. Johns University SB 15, Marillac Jamaica, NY 11439 USA Phone: 718-990-6447 Fax: 718-990-6705 EMail: drz@sjuvm.stjohns.edu The Chatback Trust Tom Holloway, UK Director 25 Clemens Street Royal Leamington Spa Warwickshire, CV31 2 is a new service for parents looking for information to better facilitate their children's developmental and educational experiences. Use the email address listed above. Chatback International Dr. R. Zenhausern, Executive Director Psychology Detaff will respond with an answer within 48 working hours." Educators may have questions about primary and secondary education, learning, teaching, information technology, or educational administration which AskERIC can answer. Parents AskERIC Internet-based question-answering service for teachers, library media specialists, and administrators. Anyone involved with K-12 education can send an e-mail message to AskERIC. Drawing on the extensive resources of the ERIC system, AskERIC sional information system that provides access to an extensive body of education-related literature. ERIC provides a variety of services and products at all education levels." Another portion of the electronic brochure states, "AskERIC is an racuse University Syracuse, New York 13244-4100 USA Phone: 315-443-9114 Fax: 315-443-5448 EMail: askeric@ericir.syr.edu According to a recent electronic brochure, "The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) is a federally-funded natlications 13102 Weather Vane Way Herndon, VA 22071 USA Phone: 703-471-0593 EMail: info@netteach.chaos.com -------------- ORGANIZATIONS: -------------- AskERIC ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources Center for Science and Technology Sy licensing is available for public primary and secondary education networks. Discounts are available for school district multiple sub-scriptions. For a subscription form, questions, or to submit materials, contact: Kathy Rutkowski, Editor Chaos Pub.00 for individuals in Canada US $30.00 for individuals outside the US and Canada US $30.00 for institutions Annual ASCII electronic copy costs are: US $15.00 for individuals Add $5.00 to hardcopy costs to receive both ASCII and hardcopy. Site Published monthly from August to March and bi-monthly April/May and June/July, NetTEACH NEWS is written for both the novice and the experienced networking teacher. Annual hardcopy subscription costs are: US $22.00 for individuals in the US US $25 Bickerrsstraat 72 1013 KS Amsterdam The Netherlands Contact: Dr. Pauline Meijer or Dr. Henk Sligte Phone:+31-20-5251248 Fax: +31-20-5251211 EMail:risc@esp.educ.uva.nl The European Schools Project is "a support system for secondary schools to explore applications of educational telematics." FidoNet 1151 SW Vermont Street Portland, OR 97219 USA Contact: Janet Murray Phone:503-280-5280 EMail:jmurray@psg.com FidoNet is a dial-up, store-and-forward messaging system which takes advanifornia 92186-9784 USA Phone: 800-444-4345 619-455-4600 Fax: 619-455-3990 EMail: info@internic.net The InterNIC is a (United States) National Science Foundation funded group tasked with providing information services to the United Stateswork Technology for Education" released by NCES contact the above address. If you contact them via email to order a video be sure that you send your mailing address. InterNIC Information Services General Atomics P.O. Box 85608 San Diego, Calers".) National Center for Education Statistics 555 New Jersey Ave N.W., R.410 C Washington DC 20208-5651 USA Phone:202-219-1364 Contact: Jerry Malitz EMail:ncesinfo@inet.ed.gov Fax: 219-1728 For a copy of the video "Experience the Power: Netcher Resource Center or by taping from NASA Select television. For information on the NASA Teacher Resource Center Network or on NASA Select, contact your nearest NASA facility or log in to NASA Spacelink. (See NASA Spacelink in "Network Servst: The Internet in the Classroom" released by the NASA NREN K-12 Initiative contact the above address. The fee for the video is cost plus shipping and handling. You may also make a copy yourself by taking a blank copy to the nearest NASA Teaher.psg.com (port 70) NASA Central Operation of Resources for Educators (CORE) Lorain County Joint Vocational School 15181 Route 58 South Oberlin, OH 44074 USA Phone:216-774-1051, x293/294 Fax: 216-774-2144 For a copy of the video "Global Queboard systems on five continents and are also available as Usenet Newsgroups in the hierarchy "k12." More information about K12Net is available from gopher.psg.com. via telnet... telnet gopher.psg.com login: gopher via gopher... gops a collection of conferences devoted to curriculum, language exchanges with native speakers, and classroom-to-classroom projects designed by teachers in K-12 education. The conferences are privately distributed among FidoNet-compatible bulletin see "Electronic Mail Lists" in this section. For access to the KIDS Gopher, see "Network Servers" in this section. K12Net 1151 SW Vermont Street Portland, OR 97219 USA Phone:503-280-5280 Contact: Janet Murray EMail:jmurray@psg.com K12Net iay Phone:+47-370-31204 Fax: +47-370-27111 EMail:opresno@extern.uio.no Contact: Odd de Presno KIDLINK is the organization that runs the yearly KIDS projects, KIDS-94, KIDS-95, etc. For information on getting files related to KIDS-NN/KIDLINK,als" to use telecommunications in joint student projects as part of the educational process." I*EARN works with international service and youth organizations to add telecommunications to existing partnerships. KIDLINK Society 4815 Saltrod Norw is to create low-cost telecommunications models to demonstrate that elementary and secondary students can make a meaningful contribution to the health and welfare of people and the planet. We want to see students go beyond simply being "pen-pork (I*EARN) c/o Copen Family Fund 345 Kear Street Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA Contact: Dr. Edwin H. Gragert Phone:914-962-5864 Fax: 914-962-6472 EMail: ed1@copenfund.igc.apc.org According to Dr. Gragert, "The purpose of the I*EARN Networktage of late night phone rates to send and receive email and conferences. FrEdMail Foundation P.O. Box 243, Bonita, CA 91908 USA Contact: Al Rogers Phone:619-475-4852 EMail:arogers@bonita.cerf.fred.org International Education and Research Netw research and education networking community. The Reference Desk is in operation Monday through Friday, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Pacific Time. Internet Society 1895 Preston White Drive Suite 100 Reston, Virginia 22091 USA Phone: 703-648-9888 Fax: 703-620-0913 EMail: isoc@isoc.org The Internet Society is an international membership organization for individuals and organizations that support its goals of promoting the use of the Internet: A. To facilitate and support the teamples of projects using the Internet appeared on the Kidsphere electronic mailing list during the 1992-93 school year. The messages have been edited in the interest of space and because many of the details about how to participate are dated, but the iby: Robs John Muir Claremont High School, Claremont Unified School District 1601 N. Indian Hill Blvd. Claremont, CA 91711 USA Phone: 909-624-9053 EMail: rmuir@chs.cusd.claremont.edu APPENDIX A: EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS USING THE INTERNET The following exity considerations are discussed in Section 6 of this document. 12. Author's Address Jennifer Sellers NASA NREN 700 13th Street, NW Suite 950 Washington, DC 20005 USA Phone: 202-434-8954 EMail: sellers@quest.arc.nasa.gov HTML editing done [5] Hoffman, E. and L. Jackson, "Introducing the Internet--A Short Bibliography of Introductory Internetworking Reading for the Network Novice", FYI 19, RFC 1463, Merit Network, Inc., NASA, May 1993. 11.Security Considerations General secure. R. Kuhn, Editor. No. 93-6. June, 1993. [4] Sivin, J. P. and E. R. Bialo (1992) "Ethical Uses of Information Technologies in Education." Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.nternet?" FYI 20, RFC 1462, University of Illinois, Merit Network, Inc., May 1993. [3] "Restructuring Schools: A Systematic View" in Action Line, the newsletter of the Maryland State Teachers Association, a National Education Association Affiliatd Pacific Rim regions. 10.References [1] Malkin, G., and A. Marine, "FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to Commonly Asked 'New Internet User' Questions", FYI 4, RFC 1325, Xylogics, SRI, May 1992. [2] Krol, E., and E. Hoffman, "What is the IAsia Pacific region operating under the auspices of the Asia Pacific Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks. APNIC is tasked with providing information and registration services to networking organizations throughout the Asia aner c/o University of Tokyo, Computer Center 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 Japan Phone: +81-3-5684-7747 Fax: +81-3-5684-7256 EMail: hostmaster@apnic.net The APNIC is a cooperative organization of national network information centers in the network and Autonomous System numbers -whois database at whois.ripe.net -document store at ftp.ripe.net (also accessible via gopher and wais) -interactive information service (via telnet at info.ripe.net) Asia Pacific Network Information Centn 409 NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 592 5065 Fax:+31 20 592 5090 EMail: ncc@ripe.net The RIPE NCC assists European Internet operators and refers users to appropriate operators. Services include: -delegated registry for large; D. To provide a forum for exploration of new Internet applications, and to stimulate collaboration among organizations in their operational use of the global Internet. Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) Kruislaa industry and the public at large concerning the technology, use and application of the Internet; C. To promote educational applications of Internet technology for the benefit of government, colleges and universities, industry, and the public atchnical evolution of the Internet as a research and education infrastructure, and to stimulate the involvement of the scientific community, industry, government and others in the evolution of the Internet; B. To educate the scientific community,nformation presented can give you a feel for the types and range of projects that happen today. ========================================= Example One, "Middle School Math Project" ========================================= This is the official invitation to participate in "Puzzle Now!". "Puzzle Now!" is an interdisciplinary project using educational technology as a tool to integrate the curriculum. "Puzzle Now!" provides teams of mathematics and language arts teachers and students with thematickindergarten through twelfth grade will get involved. We hope that schools from south to north along the migratory flyways will be interested in joining and collecting data about first sightings and population counts. We still have not found the lepidion, we will design the format for collecting the data on sighting monarchs. We will send information on the format to any school who wishes to participate in the project. Our fifth grade students will begin this project and we hope that students from Three, "Tracking Monarch Butterflies" ============================================== Our school has begun a study of monarchs using Nova's Animal Pathfinders. After working through these lessons, which will give us the necessary background informatotified individually and winning entries will also be announced via Academy I on the Internet. Judges for the contest are current or retired English instructors throughout the United States. ============================================== Example or Spenserian. Students submitting entries must include a form (given below) certifying that each sonnet entered in the contest is original and written within the last 3 years. The deadline for mailing entries is April 30, 1993. Winners will be ntice the discipline needed to write in a particular poetic form, in this case, the sonnet form. (The sonnet is defined and examples are given below.) Sonnets may be submitted in any recognized sonnet form including Petrarchan, Shakespearean, Miltonic, ***Honorable Mentions: $10.00*** The first annual Internet Poetry Contest invites entries from students in grades 9-12 for original sonnets written within the last 3 years. The purpose of the contest is to encourage young creative writers to praclic Telecomputing Network -- Academy One Project Announcement FIRST ANNUAL INTERNET POETRY CONTEST FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS GRADES 9-12 ***FEATURED FORM: THE SONNET*** ***First Place Award: $50.00*** ***Second Place Award: $25.00*** . That means you must work together to develop one solution to be examined by the "Puzzlemeister". ========================================== Example Two, "Poetry Contest, Grades 9-12" ========================================== National PubON? Yes, the solution format requires that the group/team/individual first 1) restate the puzzle/problem; 2) explain the strategy, or strategies used in finding the answer; 3) state the answer. Your team/class may turn in only one solutionnderstanding of many practical disciplines, such as geometry. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT to remember that getting the correct answer isn't as important as figuring out how to find it. DO THE SOLUTIONS HAVE TO BE SUBMITTED IN A PARTICULAR FASHI and modem as tools for problem solving projects. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The puzzles presented in this project are no mere entertainment. These puzzles will help the student reason logically, develop thinking skills, and will assist in the uh problem solving; -to emphasize the importance of addressing problems in a clear, concise, and logical manner; -to provide students with opportunities for developing skills in written expression; -to familiarize students with computer puzzle problems via VA.PEN. PROJECT : Puzzle Now! SUBJECT AREA : Mathematics/Language Arts GRADE LEVEL: 6 - 8 DURATION: This project will consist of eight - one week cycles. PROJECT GOALS : -to increase student motivation for matopterists who did the initial research but will keep looking. Hope to hear from you soon. ======================================= Example Four, "Simulated Space Mission" ======================================= National Public Telecomputing Network -- Academy One Program Announcement SPECIAL EVENT: NESPUT 24-HOUR CENTENNIAL SPACE SHUTTLE SIMULATED MISSION ON APRIL 27, 1993 SCHOOLS, TEACHERS, STUDENTS, SPACE ENTHUSIASTS: The April 27 simulated and telecommunicated space shuttle----------- Are you interested in participating? All you need to do is place a vertical stick (shaft) into the ground at your school and when the sun reaches it's highest vertical assent for the day (solar noon), measure the angle of the shadow tosthenes used is: DA d=distance between Syene and Alexandria _____ = _____A=360 degrees assumption of round earth a=shadow angle of vertical stick da D=to be determined (circumference) -----------------------------------------------------ne and Alexandria was 5000 stadia, he multiplied 5000 by 50 to find the earth's circumference. His result, 250,000 stadia (about 46,250 km) is quite close to modern measurements. Investigating the Earth, AGI, l970, Chapter 3, p. 66. The formula Eraatosthenes knew from geometry that the size of the measured angle equaled the size of the angle at the earth's center between Syene and Alexandria. Knowing also that the arc of an angle this size was 1/50 of a circle, and that the distance between Sye earth (sorry Columbus) by making two assumptions - that the earth is round and that the sun's rays are essentially parallel. He set up a vertical post at Alexandria and measured the angle of its shadow when the well at Syene was completely sunlit. Erits rays shining directly into the well. In Alexandria, almost due north of Syene, he knew that the sun was not directly overhead at noon on the same day because a vertical object cast a shadow. Eratosthenes could now measure the circumference of thearth's circumference. In the great library in Alexandria he read that a deep vertical well near Syene, in southern Egypt, was entirely lit up by the sun at noon once a year. Eratosthenes reasoned that at this time sun must be directly overhead, with ============================= ATTENTION - MARCH 20, l993 IS THE EQUINOX A WORLDWIDE SCIENCE AND MATH EXPERIMENT ERATOSTHENES EXPERIMENT Eratosthenes, a Greek geographer (about 276 to 194 B.C.), made a surprisingly accurate estimate of the eially good if you have a scanner for your computer). Any other type of space related station or activity you can imagine. ================================================== Example Five, "Equinox Experiment and Calculation" =====================posing questions and problems for all astronauts in simulated space. An information station, posting interesting information of interest about the space shuttle and the space program. A graphics station, sending GIF files to other schools (especPTN affiliate systems carrying Academy One. Your school can act as any one of the following: A second American shuttle. A second Russian shuttle. A weather reporting station for your area. One of NASA's alternate landing sites. A science station l at University School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, a real and permanent simulator, will act as itself and use its mission control area as Houston. Reports on the progress of our real student astronauts will be posted on the listserv and via the menus on Nperiod, schools will be linked to share information via telecommunications and a variety of activities will be going on via telecommunications and in the classroom--most of them created by the schools and students involved. The space shuttle Centennia mission is a mostly real-time 24 hour mission involving numerous activities in space. Your school could be involved for an entire 24 hour period or for a much lesser amount of time (say just your school day or even a few hours). During that 24 hour of the stick. -\ - \ stick -> - \ - a \ a=shadow angle - \ - \ ground___________________-______\_____________________________ By doing this experiment on the equinox we all know that the vertical rays of the sun are directly over the equator, like the well at Syene. Using a globe or an atlas the distance between your location and the equator can be determined and the circum- ference can be calculated. ***************************************************************** But howis on the host naic.nasa.gov in the /files/general_info directory as earn-resource-tool-guide.txt. Many online files are mirrored on more than one host. RFC files, for example, are so popular that several hosts act as repositories for them; so, whenMost can also be retrieved via Gopher.) In most cases, when you see a reference to a file available for FTP, the reference will give you both a computer hostname and a pathname. So, for example, the ASCII text version of the EARN Resource Tool Guide to access the files it makes public. This appendix will describe obtaining files via anonymous FTP and describe obtaining files via the Internet Gopher program. The online files sited in Suggested Reading can all be retrieved via anonymous FTP. (tional way to access files available online on the Internet is via a program based on the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Many information sites have hosts that allow "anonymous" FTP, meaning you don't need to already have an account on the host in orderlasses (sent by way of the Postal Service). In addition, classes which have participated in each of the five weeks will receive a separate style of certificate for their school or class. APPENDIX B: HOW TO GET DOCUMENTS ELECTRONICALLY The tradi morning, participating classes will receive an online message from the sponsor congratulating those who have sent correct answers during the previous week. At the end of the five weeks, attractive certificates will be awarded to all participating c. On that morning, in addition, the sponsor will send all classes a new problem. This project lasts five weeks, with clues each week being given for a different famous person in American history. Project Length:Five Weeks Awards: Every Mondayt of the answers is the one intended to be submitted. The sponsor will collect all answers, compile a listing of classes who send the correct answers, and will forward this list to all participants via email by early on the following Monday mornings may send their answer (the name of the famous American identified by the clues) to the following online address: whoami@radford.vak12ed.edu A class should send only one answer each week. If two are sent, the sponsors will assume that the firsge of American black history. Each week, on Monday Morning, a set of three or four clues will be sent to your account. The same will occur on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday mornings. At any time, through the end of the day on Friday, your student========================== Project Name: Who Am I?: Famous Black Americans Subject Area: Social Studies, Research Skills Grade Level:Grades 4-12 Project Description: The goal of this project is to assist students in increasing their knowled a copy to use in your classroom to compare the various locations and angles. If you're interested send us your data. We will compile and return it to you. ===================================== Example Six, "Famous Black Americans" ===========____________________ Send your location country _________________________________ Send your latitude _________________________________________ Send your longitude ________________________________________ We will compile all the data and send you about sharing your shadow angle measurement with others around the real globe. ****************************************************************** Send your measurement of the shadow angle____________degrees Send your location city ________________ they are cited, rarely is a hostname given. To find out all about getting RFCs and FYIs, send a message to rfc- info@isi.edu and in the body of the message, type 'help: ways_to_get_rfcs'. RFCs are available both via electronic mail and via Anonymous FTP, as well as via many Gophers. Anonymous FTP Some of this information about transferring files based on text from the access.guide file referenced in FYI 19 [5] and written by Ellen Hoffman and Lenore Jackson. If you are on a computer connecu items, the user is led to files or to other services available on the Internet. Gopher can also retrieve files for the user because it has an interface to the File Transfer Protocol. So you can use Gopher to obtain files rather than FTP. Once you hs are in the format fyi##.txt, where ## is the number of the FYI. Gopher A relatively new method of viewing and retrieving information is the Internet Gopher. A Gopher server presents information to a users via a series of menus. By choosing menand provides directions for doing so. Remember that FYI documents, such as this one, are also RFCs, so the information about RFCs applies to FYIs as well. You can usually retrieve FYIs either by their RFC number, or by their FYI number. FYI numberTo retrieve an RFC, then, you would FTP to a host above, log in as anonymous, cd to the directory noted, and retrieve the RFC you want. The file ways_to_get_rfcs, mentioned above, explains which sites make RFCs available for electronic mail retrieval, et rfc - venera.isi.eduin-notes - wuarchive.wustl.edu info/rfc - src.doc.ic.ac.uk rfc - ftp.concert.net /rfc RFCs are in the file format you see in the Suggested Readings section, e.g., rfc####.txt, with #### being the number of the RFC. uit RFC Repositories: Following is a list of hosts that are primary repositories for RFCs, and, for each host, the pathname to the directory that houses these files: - ds.internic.net rfc - nis.nsf.netinternet/documents/rfc - nisc.jvnc.nctory at a time: cd files/general_info and the command which shows you the files and subdirectories within a directory: dir (4) Give a command to have the file sent to your computer: get earn-resource-tools.txt (5) Quit FTP: qthat you use your complete email address as your password. (3) Navigate through the directory to find the file you need. Two useful commands for doing so are the one to change directories ('cd'), which you can use to step through more than one direto be transferred. Here's what you can do: (1) Tell your computer what host you are trying to reach: ftp naic.nasa.gov (2) Log in to the computer with the username "anonymous". You will be prompted for a password; most often it is preferred , but not all software is exactly alike. If you have problems, check your software's documentation ('man' page) or contact your local help-desk. This session uses the EARN Guide to Network Resource Tools in its naic.nasa.gov home as an example file blish that you have FTP access, you will need to send a series of commands to reach the host computer with the file you want, connect to the appropriate directory, and have the file transferred to your computer. A typical FTP session is described herese FTP directly from a system prompt. For other computers, there are commercial and public domain programs that will allow you to use FTP. (For example, there is a very easy-to-use shareware program called "Fetch" for the Macintosh.) Once you estasing the sample commands, you may still have FTP access. You will need to ask your system administrator or local network consultant. If you don't have FTP, you may be able to get files via electronic mail. If you are using a UNIX machine, you can uted to the Internet and can use FTP, you can access files online. If your VM/CMS, VAX/VMS, UNIX, DOS, Macintosh, or other computer system has FTP capability, you can probably use the sample commands as they are listed. If your computer doesn't work uave located a file you want, you also have the option of mailing it electronically. Several Gopher servers are listed in the Network Servers portion of Section 9 "Resources and Contacts". The InterNIC gopher, for example, is one that provides access to the RFCs. Normally, the best way to access a Gopher server is by running a Gopher client on your own host or network. However, if you do not have that software, many Gophers are accessible via Telnet (see the addresses in Section 9). To Telnet and from, another host over a network. Also, FTP is usually the name of the program the user invokes to execute the prool. FYI (For Your Information) A subseries of RFCs that are not technical standards or descriptions of prools. FYIs convey geof computers interconnected using the FIDO dial-up prools. The FIDO prool provides a means of "store and forward" file transfer similar to UUCP. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) A prool which allows a user on one host to access, and transfer files totly operated by government, educational, and research institutions. EMail (Electronic Mail) A system whereby a computer user can exchange messages with other computer users (or groups of users) via a communications network. FidoNet A network les, and any other services or activities of interest to the bulletin board system's operator. Although BBSs have traditionally been the domain of hobbyists, an increasing number of BBSs are connected directly to the Internet, and many BBSs are curren connected into the telephone digital service for highly conditioned, high speed data communications. Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS) A computer, and associated software, which typically provides electronic messaging services, archives of fi modem. A Channel Service Unit connects to a telephone company-provided digital data circuit, and a Data Service Unit provides the electronics required to connect digital equipment to the CSU. Paired together a DSU/CSU allows computer equipment to beween two computers (or servers) over standard voice grade telephone lines. Download To copy data from a remote computer to a local computer. The opposite of upload. DSU/CSU (Data Service Unit/Channel Service Unit) The digital equivalent of aword to log into a public data area. Cracker A person who uses computer knowledge to attempt to gain access to computer systems and/or maliciously damage those systems or data. Dial-in (also dial-up) A connection, usually made via modems, betd to provide a relatively secure way of providing restricted access to public data. Users who wish to acquire data from a public source may use FTP to connect to the source, then use the special username "anonymous" and their email address as the passs' Glossary". These definitions are largely excerpted from that glossary. (See Section 8, "Suggested Reading", above.) Anonymous FTP Accessing data via the File Transfer Protocol using the special username "anonymous". This was devised as a methoon about using the Veronica service. APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT The following is a short glossary of terms used in this document. For a more complete glossary of Internet terms, refer to FYI 18 (RFC 1392), "Internet Userer called "Veronica" to search gopherspace to see if there is more information out there of a particular type you are interested in finding. From within Gopher, look for a menu item such as "Search Gopherspace Using Veronica" to find out more informatir over the Internet. Therefore, if you have access to one Gopher, you usually have access to hundreds more. This huge network of gophers and the vast amount of information they serve is referred to as "gopherspace". You can use a service within Gophto a host, most often you would give the command "telnet" and the hostname, for example: telnet naic.nasa.gov. Unlike FTP repositories, which are accessible over the network but which you have to access one at a time, many Gophers are linked togetheneral information about topics related to TCP/IP or the Internet. See also: RFC (Request for Comments). Gopher A distributed information service that links many types of information from all around the Internet and presents it to the user in a series of menus. Because hundreds of Gopher servers cooperate in providing access to information and services, the user sees a single, uniform interface to information that actually resides on different host computers. The Gopher interface is very earv" (list server) program that automatically handles operations such as adding new people to the list. (See above.) In the Internet, for those mailing lists maintained by a human, rather than by a listserv, you can generally subscribe to a list by selists discuss different topics. A mailing list may be moderated, that is messages sent to the list are actually sent to a moderator who determines whether or not to send the messages on to everyone else. Many mailing lists are maintained by a "listse the message only to the list server. Not all mailing lists use list servers to handle list administration duties. Mailing Lists A list of email addresses. Generally, a mailing list is used to discuss certain set of topics, and different mailing ewsreports@acme.org" would be called "listserv@acme.org". Sending email to "newsreports@acme.org" causes the message to be sent to all the list subscribers, while sending a message (to subscribe or unsubscribe, for example) to "listserv@acme.org" sends An automated program that accepts mail messages from users and performs basic operations on mailing lists for those users. In the Internet, listservs are usually accessed as "listname@host"; for example, the list server for the hypothetical list "nr month independent of how much the line is used and can be cheaper than using dial modems depending on the usage. Leased lines may also be used where higher data rates are needed beyond what a dial modem can provide. Listserv (mailing list server) o locations. Leased lines are generally used where high-speed data (usually 960 characters per second and higher) is continually exchanged between two computers (in the Internet, generally between routers). A leased line is billed at the same rate pe they can usually be directly controlled by the users and operate at relatively high speeds (up to 100Mb/s [10 million bits per second]) over inexpensive wiring. Leased line A leased line is a special phone company permanent connection between tw rate expressed in 1000 bit per second units. For example, 56Kbs is 56*1000=56,000 bits per second. LAN (Local Area Network) A data network intended to serve an area of only a few square kilometers or less. Since such are networks relatively smallwhich focuses on a particular network support task. The three tasks are: Information Services (the task most often cited in this document), Registration Services, and Directory and Database Services. Kbs (Kilo-Bits per Second) A data transmissiones. It is a major source of prool proposals and standards. InterNIC A Network Information Center (NIC), funded by the National Science foundation, that provides information about the Internet. The InterNIC is a team of three contractors, each of The IETF is a large, open community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers whose purpose is to coordinate the operation, management and evolution of the Internet, and to resolve short-range and mid-range prool and architectural issua has corrupted this term to give it the pejorative connotation of a person who maliciously uses computer knowledge to cause damage to computers and data. The proper term for this type of person is "cracker". Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) sy to use, and public domain versions of the clients and servers are available. Hacker A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular. The popular medinding a mail message to: "listname-REQUEST@host" and in the body of the message enter a request to subscribe. To send messages to other subscribers, you will then use the address "listname@host". Modem (MODulator/DEModulator) A device that converts the digital signals used by computers into analog signals needed by voice telephone systems. Modems can be "dial" or "leased line" type. Dial type modems are used on normal telephone lines to call remote computers, and usually operate at speeds beof the major communications prools used within the Internet (TCP and IP). These prools (along with several others) provide the basic foundation for communications between hosts in the Internet. All of the service prools, such as FTP, Telnet, Gopher, ernet node. SLIP is generally used at sites with a few users as a cheaper alternative than a full Internet connection. SLIP is being replaced by PPP at many sites. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) TCP/IP is named for two e Internet Protocol) A tool used to establish TCP/IP connections using serial lines such as dial-up telephone lines. Small computers, such as PCs and Macintoshes, can use SLIP to dial up to servers, which then allow the computer to act as a full Intentary record of the Internet standards process. Router A computer which forwards traffic between networks. The forwarding decision is based on network layer information and routing tables, often constructed by routing prools. SLIP (Serial Lints) The document series, begun in 1969, which describes the Internet suite of prools and related experiments. Not all (in fact very few) RFCs describe Internet standards, but all Internet standards are written up as RFCs. The RFCs include the documProtocol uses the Transmission Control Protocol, which uses the Internet Protocol, which may use the Point to Point prool, to transfer a file from one computer to another. The series FTP->TCP->IP->PPP is called a prool stack. RFC (Request for Commen or high-level exchanges between allocation programs (e.g., the way in which two programs transfer a file across the Internet). Protocol Stack A series of protocols linked together to provide an end-to-end service. For example, the File Transfer ol A formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow to exchange those messages. Protocols can describe low-level details of machine-to-machine interfaces (e.g., the order in which bits and bytes are sent across a wire)ol) A prool used to establish TCP/IP connections using serial lines such as dial-up telephone lines. Similar to SLIP (see below), PPP is a later standard that includes features such as demand dial-up, compression, better flow control, etc. Protoc uses port number 23. These are known as "well known ports" and allow application programmers to write standard applications (such as Telnet, FTP, etc.) that "know" where the corresponding server is on a particular host. PPP (Point to Point Protoct applications such as FTP must talk to a corresponding server application on the host. The "port" is the way TCP/IP designates the remote application. Most common Internet servers have specific port numbers associated with them. For example, Telnetcalls and electronic mail, and provide general network usage information and referrals, among other possible tasks. Most network service providers also provide a NIC for their users. Port TCP/IP assigns at least one address to a host computer, buorganizations. Network News Another name for "Usenet News". NIC (Network Information Center) A central place where information about a network within the Internet is maintained. Usually NICs are staffed by personnel who answer user telephone tween 120 to 1,920 characters per second. Network Access Provider (Network Service Provider) Any organization that provides network connectivity or dial-up access. Service providers may be corporations, government agencies, universities, or other use TCP/IP to transfer information. Telnet Telnet is the Internet standard prool for remote terminal connection service. The name "telnet" also is used to refer to programs that allow interactive access to remote computers, as well as the action of using said programs. For example, the phrase "Telnet to host xyzzy." means to interactively log into host "xyzzy" from some other host in the Internet. Upload To copy data from a local computer to a remote computer. The opposite of download. comp.sys.apple2 - Frequently Asked Questions (and answers) part 1 of 2 Archive-name: apple2/part1 Last-modified: 08 Feb 1995 Version: 4.3 Table of Contents Q#1 What's a FAQ? 2/8/95 Q#2 How do I get to comp.sys.apple2 and what is it? 2/9/95 Q#3 Hown0+* A2.FAQ.PT1B K.12.INET.FAQP updated on July 15 1994 at 09:30 by rmuir@chs.cusd.claremont.edu  other servers such as WAIS and Gopher have been incorporated into the WWW servers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Last updated on July 15 1994 at 09:30 by rmuir@chs.cusd.claremont.edu -- Lastresearchers at CERN in Switzerland. Users may create, edit or browse hypertext documents. The clients and servers are freely available. The WWW servers are interconnected to allow a user to traverse the Web from any starting point; in addition, many eval, and a "relevance feedback" mechanism which allows the results of initial searches to influence future searches. Public domain implementations are available. WWW (World Wide Web) A hypertext-based, distributed information system created by omputer systems by incorporating itself into other programs which are shared among computer systems. WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) A distributed information service which offers simple natural language input, indexed searching for fast retri send files to another UNIX system via dial-up phone lines. Today, the term is more commonly used to describe the large international network which uses the UUCP prool to pass news and electronic mail. Virus A program which replicates itself on cs "rec.music.classical" for classical music, or "sci.med.physics" for discussions relating to the physics of medical science. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) This was initially a program run under the UNIX operating system that allowed one UNIX system toews consists of thousands of topics arranged in a heirarchical form. Major topics include "comp" for computer topics, "rec" for recreational topics, "soc" for social topics, "sci" for science topics, etc. Within the major topics are subtopics, such a Usenet News An electronic bulletin board system created originally by the Unix community and which is accessible via the Internet. Usenet News forms a discussion forum accessible by millions of users in almost every country in the world. Usenet N do I get files off the net? 2/8/95 Q#4 Where can I get Apple II software and info on the net? 2/8/95 Q#5 What archivers do I need to know about? Q#6 More about BinSCII Q#7 ShrinkIt and NuFX archives Q#8 Executioner Q#9 Apple Archive Format (aaf) Q#10 Net standard formats Q#11 A quick note about ProDos filetypes Q#12 What do the file extensions mean? Q#13 How do I tell what kind of file this is? 2/8/95 Q#14 What is an Apple II? 1/1/95 Q#15 The Apple I Q#16 The Apple ][ and Apple ]new posts because the highly contorted way I post this. Hopefully, this post actually works. Feel free burn me in effigy if I don't get it right, then e-mail me about it. I hope it becomes a valuable resource. If not, what's it missing?? Dan DeMaggiting up a SCSI system ################################ # Q#1 What's a FAQ? 2/8/95 # ################################ Hi! Welcome to the comp.sys.apple2 newsgroup! Sorry about the previous posts (or lack there of). Some things weren't getting into #78 Fun hardware add-ons Q#79 Periodicals & Books Q#80 Misc Resources Q#81 General guidelines on How To Troubleshoot Q#82 General troubleshooting Q#83 Trouble shooting and good maintenance Q#84 GS Trouble shooting Q#85 SCSI Q#86 Tips on set#72 What can you do with an Apple ][? Q#73 What can the //e can "borrow" from other computers? Q#74 What can the GS can "borrow" from other computers? Q#75 Resources for the Apple II 2/8/95 Q#76 Apple II Groups Q#77 Getting Parts & Software Qints Q#65 If you have a RamFast Q#66 If you have a Vulcan or AE High Density disk Q#67 If you have ProSel Q#68 If you have an AMR 3.5" Q#69 GSCII+ & HFS Note Q#70 What to do with an Apple ][? 2/8/95 Q#71 What can you hook up to an Apple ][? Q Q#59 Why does my Apple II lose characters when I'm using the modem? Q#60 Where do I get support for AE boards now that they are closed? Q#61 Is there a QWK reader for the Apple //e? Q#62 System 6.0 mini-FAQ Q#63 Common Problems Q#64 Tips & Hing cursor? Q#55 What are the problems with GSCII? Q#56 AppleWorks won't print to my printer. What gives? Q#57 My GS control panel keeps resetting to the defaults and/or forgetting the date. Q#58 I'm getting Error XXX. What's it mean?of graphic images? Q#51 I have an old CPM / PASCAL / DOS 3.3 disk. How do I get it into ProDos? Q#52 How do you copy from a 5.25" disk to 3.5" disk? Q#53 Strange problems: Q#54 How do I get out of Basic (that little "]" prompt and flashBM Q#46 What's the CTI Drive? Q#47 How about hooking up cheap IDE Hard Drives? Q#48 How do I USE stuff I have transferred to/from an IBM/Mac? Q#49 How do I get cool Mac Icons and fonts onto my GS? Q#50 What programs are there for conversion ile transfer: Apple //e ---> IBM Q#41 File transfer: Apple //e <--- IBM Q#42 File transfer: Apple IIGS ---> Macintosh Q#43 File transfer: Apple IIGS <--- Macintosh Q#44 File transfer: Apple IIGS ---> IBM Q#45 File transfer: Apple IIGS <--- Iop on the new HD 3.5" drive? Q#35 I want a Y-adapter for my GS keyboard. Q#36 File Transfer: Q#37 How can I transfer stuff to/from an IBM/Mac? Q#38 File transfer: Apple //e ---> Macintosh Q#39 File transfer: Apple //e <--- Macintosh Q#40 F I hook up a LaserWriter, DeskJet, etc to my Apple //e? Q#31 Can I hook up a LaserWriter, DeskJet, etc to my Apple IIGS? Q#32 Can I hook up a scanner up to my //e? Can it do OCR? Q#33 Can a Disk ][ be used on a GS smartport? Q#34 What's the scocan I tell what version my computer is? Q#26 What programming languages are available for the Apple ][? Q#27 Adding Hardware: Q#28 Can the Apple II connect to SCSI devices? Q#29 Can I use Macintosh Monitors or 3.5" drives with my ][? Q#30 Can[+ Q#17 The Apple //e Q#18 The Apple //C and IIC+ Q#19 The Laser 128EX Q#20 The Apple IIGS Q#21 The Apple ][e Emulation Card Q#22 Some Common Questions (with answers!) 2/8/95 Q#23 Info about A2's: Q#24 What is 8 bit and 16 bit? Q#25 How o (dmag@umich.edu) ################################################################## # Q#2 How do I get to comp.sys.apple2 and what is it? 2/9/95 # ################################################################## c.s.a2 is a USENET newsgroup. USENET posts can originate from your local newsreader and spread to hundreds of thousands of machines throughout the the world. The comp. comp.sys.apple2 - General discussion and questions relating to all Apple /may cross-post the description (only) to comp.sys.apple2. Please don't post questions or answers in the binaries group. Remember, distribution of commercial software is illegal. Comp.sources.apple2 is a newsgroup used to distribute Apple II source code. T, sounds, etc...). Software distributed on comp.binaries.apple2 is expected to be a BinSCII text file containing a ShrinkIt archive. Please post a text description of your program and what it requires to run so people can tell if they need it or not. You roup used to distribute PD (Public Domain - may be used and copied freely.), FW (Freeware - ditto, except that the original owner retains the Copyright.) or SW (Shareware - try it for free, pay for it if you use it) Apple II software (executables, pictures group.name@news.cs.indiana.edu OR group-name@pws.bull.com OR group-name@ucbvax.berkeley.edu Post to comp.sys.apple2 info-apple@apple.com Comp.binaries.apple2 is a newsgot need these, as they can use their news software to post. Post to any newsgroup group-name@cs.utexas.edu OR group.name.usenet@decwrl.dec.com OR group.name@news.demon.co.uk OR (BITNET) KERMSRV@CUVMA (BITNET) Apple /// files (internet) APPLE3-L@WVNVM.WVNET.EDU Once you are getting c.s.a2 in your mailbox, you may want to post. Just use the addresses listed below. People with direct access to the newsgroups do nrlvm1.uta.edu (BITNET) LISTSERV@UTARLVM1 More files via E-Mail (i-net) archive-server@plains.nodak.edu (BITNET) FILESERV@PLAINS Kermit file transfer program KERMSRV@cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu cribe to C.S.A2 (internet) LISTSERV@vm1.nodak.edu (BITNET) LISTSERV@NDSUVM APPLE2-L archives (internet) LISTSERV@brownvm.brown.edu (BITNET) LISTSERV@BROWNVM Games from APPLE2-L (internet) LISTSERV@utaConsider getting better connected to the Internet (read "The Whole Internet Users Guide And Catalog" for more info.) For this: Send a message body of "help" to: --------------------------- --------------------------------- Subs system alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2 - Older "ALT" version of above If you only have e-mail access to the Internet, you will find the following addresses helpful. Make sure you have a large mailbox and the time to sift through lots of messages per day. posting of Apple // related source code comp.emulators.apple2 - Discussion relating to the use of Apple // emulation software/hardware on an IBM compatibleups - Discussion relating to Apple // usergroups comp.binaries.apple2 - Public Domain/Shareware Software for all Apple //'s comp.sources.apple2 - A moderated newsgroup for theapple2.marketplace - Buying, selling and promoting Apple // related products comp.sys.apple2.programmer - Discussion relating to any aspect of programming the Apple // comp.sys.apple2.usergro/'s comp.sys.apple2.comm - Communications and networking related issues comp.sys.apple2.gno - Discussion of program GNO/ME for the Apple IIGS (UNIX for the Apple IIGS) comp.sys.he posts in comp.sources.apple2 should be in Apple Archive Format. Contact jac@paul.rutgers.edu for details. Discussions concerning the software posted in these groups, or the methods of locating, decoding, or accessing this software, or questions on locating archive sites of this software, or any OTHER discussions are to be held in comp.sys.apple2. If someone DOES either intentionally or accidentally post to the binary/source groups, please respond only in E-mail - do not compound the problem! ######## "cat" and look for BINSCII (type 'SYS') 4) type "-BINSCII" or "-BINSCII.SYSTEM" depending on above Note: You should get the BINSCII opening screen. Step 5: Create ShrinkIt (if needed) 1) If your Shrinkit file ends in ".BSC" then (In BINSCII) type in ed) 1) After you disconnect, go into Applesoft by starting BASIC.SYSTEM 2) At the `]` prompt, type 'EXEC ____' (your BINSCII file name) Note: If you get ?SYNTAX ERRORs then something went wrong. Try looking at the file with a Text Editor. 3) Type goes wrong, hit ESC, Ctrl-X or Ctrl-C 3 times. If you can't get one protocol to work, try the next one down. Z-modem is much faster than the others. You will want to find a program that supports it. Step 4: Create BINSCII (if need this quickly, or the other host will give up trying to send the file. 4) Write down the full pathname of the files you downloaded and where you put them. There will be a quiz later. Pathnames look like "/DISK/DIR/FILE.NAME" Note: If somethingX users can use these commands: For Z-Modem: "sz ___ ____ ____" (file names) For X-Modem: "sx ____" (one at a time) For Kermit: "kermit", then "put _____" (filename) 5) If needed, tell your local communications program to Receive. You must do transfer type to Text (TXT) or Binary (BIN) depending on what type of file you are downloading. If there is an option to "strip incoming linefeeds", try turning it on. 3) Get your host to send you the file. I don't know about ProLine, but UNI(filename) to get it 9) When you are done using FTP, type "quit" Step 3: Get files to your Apple II 1) Find out what file transfer protocols your Apple communications package supports. (see below for a list) 2) On your local comm program, set your fileou are only getting text files 6) Type "cd ______" (directory) to move to the right directory. 6) type "ls" to see a list of files. 7) Locate each file (more "cd ___"'s and "ls"). Also, "cd .." will move up a directory in the tree.) 8) use "get ______" P site from the FAQ 2) At your UNIX prompt, type "ftp _____" (fill in hostname) 3) At the "Login:" prompt, type "anonymous" (or "ftp" if you are a bad speller like me ;) 4) Type in your e-mail address when prompted for a password. 5) Type "bin" unless ys to your host 1) Dial up your host and log in. 2) I'm not familiar with ProLine, so I'll be vague here. Just go into the files section and look... Anyone wanna clue me in? Step 2b: (for those with a Sell account) Get files to your host 1) Choose an FTtry to get everything the first time around. Try one or two test files for starters. Note: Filenames can vary from site to site. Shrinkit and Binscii are usually available on all the Apple II FTP sites. Step 2a: (For ProLine users) Get file(binscii.exe) and ShrinkIt (shrinkit.3.3.exe.bsc). For a shortcut, see Chuck Orem in the resources section. 2) If you have a GS (and use GS/OS), you will want Shrinkit GS (shrinkit.gs.exe) and GSCII (gscii.bsc) 3) Add any other files you want. Don't e BBS) Step 3: Get files to your Apple II Step 4: Create BINSCII Step 5: Create ShrinkIt Step 6: Use BinSCII & Shrinkit to create Shrinkit GS Step 7: Extract the files you _REALLY_ wanted ---- Step 1: Make a list of files that you want 1) You need BINSCII ########################################## # Q#3 How do I get files off the net? 2/8/95 # ################################################## Quick Summary: Step 1: Make a list of files that you want Step 2: Get files to your host (a UNIX box or ProLin the filename of your ShrinkIt file 2) Quit BINSCII. Get into AppleSoft again. 3) Type "EXEC SHRINKIT3.3.XTX" (you may need the full pathname) 4) Run ShrinkIt with "-SHRINKIT.SYSTEM" Step 6: Extracting everything else 1) If it's BSQ or BSC, run it through BINSCII 2) If BINSCII creates a ".SHK" file, or if you download a ".SHK" file, then use ShrinkIt on the file. It's easy to use and it doesn't give you the dreaded "FILENAME QUIZ!" For those who haven't picked a program to download with, here are FTP sites and mirrors: FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /archive/apple2 URL: gopher://wuarchive.wustl.edu:70/11/systems/apple2/umich.edu FTP: archive.orst.edu in /pub/mirrors/archive.umich.edu FTP: archive.orst.edu in /pub/mirrors/archive.umich.edu/ Fship.nmsu.edu:6502/ - ? FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/misc/textfiles/bbs.list.txt - Mike Shecket's BBS listing FTP: names.wvu.edu in /pub/apple3 - Apple III stuff URL: http://micromedia.com/www/stlouis/usergrps.htm - Apple user group Major e.edu/SSII.html - ShareWare Solutions II Homepage URL: http://www.ccsf.caltech.edu/~dmz/a2archive.html - Caltech Apple II Archive URL: http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~nathan/apl2.resource.html - Nathan Mates Apple II Links. Lots of 'em. URL: http://starww.umich.edu/~archive - Umich archive via the web FTP: rtfm.mit.edu in /emulate-apple2-faq - Emulation FAQ URL: http://www.info.apple.com/aboutapple/prodlst.html - Apple's Product List, including some Apple II products! URL: http://www.ericse.ohio-statapple2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ Hostname Directory OK, so here's a bunch of resources: URL: http://www.umich.edu:80/group/itd/archive/Public/html/apple2/faq/faq.html - Hypertext version of this FAQ URL: http://waccess, you can run a web browser (like Lynx if you are dialed in from your Apple), which will understand URLs directly. Otherwise, ignore the 'http:' ones and see the previous section on how to use the FTP ones.) Hint: ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu /######################################### # Q#4 Where can I get Apple II software and info on the net? 2/8/95 # ######################################################################### [A quick note about URL notation: For those of you with full net ks on GS and //e, GS = only works on GS | D/L = Download from other computer --- PTP = Point-To-Point. I don't think it's being sold anymore. Anyone know? See the resources section for where to buy the commercial programs. ################################ Desktop GTerm GS color ANSI none Written in BASIC/ML Telcom GS VT-100, PSE X, (Y D/L only) Shell compat ----------Key:--------- | Key: $ = A commercial program + = And other obscure ones | Computer: E = wor etc. SnowTerm GS VT-100 (+) none Desktop based FreeTerm GS none X-modem Desktop based GenComm GS none none Text, Shell Compat. GSVT GS VT-100 none mono ANSI X,(Y,Z D/L only) Unpacks ZIP, Buggy ColorTerm GS color ANSI X-modem Desktop based MegaTerm GS color ANSI none ProDOS 8 ANSITerm GS$ color ANSI, PSE X,Y,Z-modem Editor, scrollback, Kermit, X-modem Hard to use,Works on ][+ Z-Link E VT-100 X-modem Good. CommSys E none X-modem Works on ][+ TIC E$ VT-100 (+) X-modem Small, Scripting. Agate E Note ---------|----|--------------------------------------------------------------- ProTerm E$ PSE, VT-100 Kermit, X,Y,Z-modem From InSync PTP E$, VT-100 X-Modem, (Y-mdm D/L) From Quality Computers Kermit-65 E VT-100 the biggies. All of the non-commercial programs are available from FTP sites. If you don't have a comm program already, your best bet is to have someone mail you one on a disk or buy ProTerm. (See resources). Program Comp Emulations Protocols TP: cco.caltech.edu in /pub/apple2 FTP: brownvm.brown.edu in /LISTSERV.193 FTP: ftp.ms.uky.edu in /pub/appleII FTP: ftp.uni-kl.de in /pub/apple2 FTP: grind.isca.uiowa.edu in /apple2 FTP: grind.isca.uiowa.edu in /unix/apple2 FTP: plains.nodak.edu in /pub/appleII FTP: wuarchive.wustl.edu in /systems/apple2 Note: Files on brownvm.brown.edu are stored by serial number. For a human- readable directory, send e-mail with the text "INDEX APPLE2-L" or "INFO REFCARD" (no subject) to brown@brownvm.brown.edu. order the segments are in, and the segments can be in different files. The only thing you have to remember is that BinScii does not check to see if ALL of the segments have been accounted for. If there are segments missing, the program will not work, orcollect ALL the segments and run them through BinScii. Each segment has a header that tells BinScii what to do. BinSCII is intelligent enough to wade through all extraneous text (i.e. newsgroup headers, etc) and find the segments. It does not matter whatnScii text file is somewhat larger than the original binary file.] On FTP sites, these will be 'blah.BSQ', but on USENET, you give them your own name when you save a posting. When re-creating a binary file from the BinScii segments, all one has to do is of files. Each file contains a segment of the original program encoded in BinSCII format. These segments are small enough to be posted or e-mailed without clogging the network. (Actually, they are usually posted 3 at a time to save bandwidth). [NB: A BiENET to you, where you need BinSCII to turn back into data that the computer can actually use. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#6 More about BinSCII : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: When turning a binary file into text, BinSCII will output a seriesswoop. Unfortunately, USENET can only handle text, not 8-bit binary information. Thus the need for BinSCII, which can take a file (usually a ShrinkIt file) and turn it into a series of meaningless letters, numbers and punctuation. This text travels thru USmiliar with to get software off the net. They are BinSCII and ShrinkIt. ShrinkIt is like PKZIP on the PC, or STUFFIT on the mac.: It puts multiple files into one compressed archive. This way, you can get the program, documentation and related files in one e' to find ftp sites with a particular file. ################################################### # Q#5 What archivers do I need to know about? # ################################################### There are two programs you will need to have an be facomplete) mcsun.eu.net /pub/newsarchive/comp/sources/apple2 (incomplete) nic.funet.fi /pub/archive/comp.sources.apple2 (complete?) relay.cs.toronto.edu /pub/lists.1989 (1989 only) If you have a Shell account, you can use 'archi============== wuarchive.wustl.edu /usenet/comp.sources.apple2 (complete!) /usenet/comp.binaries.apple2 ?ftp.tohoku.ac.jp /pub/news/comp.binaries.apple2 hp4nl.nluug.nl /pub/newsarchive/comp/sources/apple2 (ing/apple2 FTP: relay.cs.toronto.edu in /pub/lists.1989 FTP: watsun.cc.columbia.edu in /kermit/a FTP: oak.oakland.edu in /pub/hamradio/apple2 FTP: ftp.uu.net in /apple2 FTP: ftp.uu.net in /systems/apple2 Archives of C.S.A2 Newsgroups: =================.ee.msstate.edu in /files/appleII FTP: ucrmath.ucr.edu in /PC/apple2 FTP: watsun.cc.columbia.edu in /kermit/a FTP: wilbur.stanford.edu in /pub/emulators/apple2/DiskImages/ FTP: methan.chemie.fu-berlin.de in /pub/doc/faq FTP: ftp.hawaii.edu in /incominroup/itd/archive FTP: iskut.ucs.ubc.ca in /pub/apple FTP: j.cc.purdue.edu in /kermit/appleII FTP: jyu.fi in /pub/apple2 FTP: pindarus.cs.uiuc.edu in /pub/apple2 FTP: slab.slip.uiuc.edu in /apple2 FTP: syr.edu in /software/kermit/appleII FTP: trantor Other FTP Sites: FTP: cs.bu.edu in /PC/APPLE FTP: cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu in /KERMA FTP: ftp.apple.com in /dts/aii FTP: ftp.cc.utexas.edu in /gifstuff/apple FTP: headcrash.berkeley.edu in /pub/Apple2 FTP: info2.rus.uni-stuttgart.de in /afs/umich.edu/g you will get a 'file corrupted' error when unshrinking. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/8bit/archivers/binscii.exe GS users can use GSCII+, an NDA version of Binscii. GSCII+ can also encode/decode several other formats. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/gs/archivers/gscii.bsc For those with Shell accounts, you can use SciiBin (decode-only version of BinSCII) to reduce your download time. You will need to compile this on your Unix box (ask for help from a local Guru), then run your BinSill find files that are 'tarred an feathered'. They have a '.tar.Z' extension. Just run uncompress then un-tar the result. Other USENET groups will use uuencode (.uu) to send binaries. Just type 'uudecode file.uu'. BinSCII is better than uuencode becauseommon in FTP sites are tar (.tar) and compress (.Z). To undo a Tape Archive, type 'tar -xvf filename.tar'. To undo a compress, type 'uncompress filename.Z'. Since tar does not make the file smaller, and compress can only compress 1 file, many times you wrst character of each line. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/unix/aaf :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#10 Net standard formats : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: There are several formats that are used widely on the Internet. The most che C and Basic source code to aaf unpackers are available on the various FTP sites, in aaf format. Fortunately, files in aaf format can be turned back into source code with a simple text editor. Just break the file up into component files and remove the fiis the name of the file you downloaded. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#9 Apple Archive Format (aaf) : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Apple Archive Format was invented as a standard way to post source code to comp.sources.apple2. Tn Executioner text file to an Apple II file required that you delete the mail headers/trailers, translated the newlines into carriage returns, download the file to your Apple II and from Applesoft Basic, type the command 'EXEC ' where ::: Executioner is an older format that is only used to distribute BinSCII (otherwise you would have a catch-22!). It usually has a "CALL -151" at the top (if not, delete everything above it), and doesn't use punctuation like BinSCII does. To translate a resource forks. Watch those Teach documents if you want Apple //e's to read it!). If you can't run Shrinkit because you have a ][+, you can use ShrinkIt+, UnShrinkIt+ and Autounshrink. ::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#8 Executioner : ::::::::::::::::::::exe.bsc If you have a GS, you will want the GShk, which is even more of a wonder utility than it's 8-bit counterpart. Files encoded with GShk are usually smaller than those encoded with ShrinkIt, but can still be extracted with ShrinkIt (except files with"), but this should only used when the disk is not ProDos. ShrinkIt is also a menu driven utility that not only compresses and extracts, but it can also format disks, copy files, etc. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/8bit/archivers/shrinkit.3.3.ile (called a NuFX archive). It also stores all the vital ProDos information, such as filetype and auxtype. Usually these files are denoted by putting a ".SHK" extension on the archive. ShrinkIt can also shrink an entire disk into a file (extension ".SDK2/unix/bsc.aaf :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#7 ShrinkIt and NuFX archives : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ShrinkIt is an Apple II program which takes one or more Apple II ProDOS files or disks and 'archives' them into a single fe, you will have to download the BinSCII file. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/unix/sciibin.c If you need a Unix BinSCII encoder, Bsc will do the trick. FTP: cco.caltech.edu in /pub/apple2/source/bsc.aaf FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /applecii files (from comp.binaries.apple2) through it. You will now have the original (smaller) file. This works great if there is a NuFX archive in the BinSCII file, but can cause problems if BinSCII was applied directly to ProDos executable files. In this cas 1> It stores the ProDos filetype. 2> It splits the file into manageable 12K chunks. 3> It does a CRC checksum on each chunk. Most of these 'Unix' standard formats are available on the Apple. See the table below. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : Q#11 A quick note about ProDos filetypes : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ProDos keeps some information about a file's type. Files can be text (TXT), binary (BIN), executable (SYS), fonts (FON), etc. Most other file systemsth these files. Extension What is it? (What program do I use?) --------- --------------------------------------------------------------- .aaf [TEXT] Apple Archive Format for source code (aaf.unpacker) .ACU Applelink Conversion Utility (Shrinkit)Please note that these are just accepted standards. If a file does not indicate it's type, your guess is as good as mine. The following is a table of some common filename extensions. See the previous section (on archivers) for programs that will deal wi######################################## # Q#12 What do the file extensions mean? # ############################################# Many times, people put filename extensions (extra characters at the end of a filename) to denote what type of file it is. 3.1 G Darek Taubert (dat33228@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu) Format: C - Distributed as source code written in C. A - Executable, runs on most Apple //s. G - Executable, runs on GS only. FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu in /apple2/8bit/util/dearc #####t.com) ShrinkIt v3.3 A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com) (Un)ShrinkIt+ A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com) AutoUnShrink A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com) GShk v1.1 G Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com) GSCII+ 2.---- Nulib v3.21 C Andy McFadden (fadden@uts.amdahl.com) SciiBin v3.10 C Marcel Mol, Dave Whitnet, Bruce Kahn Bsc v1.2 C Neil Parker Executioner A Glen Bredon BinSCII v1.0.3 A David Whitney (davewh@microsofy, X = Encode and Decode) (Type: e = Apple //e, g = GS Only, x = GS EXE file, c = C Source code) [1] Angel is pretty Buggy, but it's worth a try. Program Format Author ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Nulib |c| X | | | | | | | | | | SciiBin |c| | D | | | | | | | | | (Key: E = Encode only, D = Decode onli |x| | X | X | | | X | | | | | PMPUnzip|x| | | | | | | | | | .ZIP | LHext |x| | | | | | | D? | | | | BSC |c| | E | D | | Angel[1]|e| | | | X | X | | X | | X | .ZIP | GShk |g| X | | | D | D | | | D | D | | GSCII+ |g| | X | X | | | D | | | | .AAF | ssci|-----|-----|------|-----|------| Binscii |e| | X | | | | | | | | | Shrinkit|e| X | | | | | | | | | | DeArc |e| | | | | | | | rchive.umich.edu in /apple2/8bit/util/fazz.2.3.bsq |Type| NuFX | Bin | uuen-| com- |.ZOO | Bin | LZH/| Stuff| ARC | Other| Program | | | SCII | code | press | | Hex | LHA | -It | | | --------|-|------|------|------|-------|----- you can still unpack an archive if the filetype is wrong (and the archive protects the filetype of the files inside the archive). For other files, you may need to change the file's type. One utility I recommend is File Attribute Zapper II. FTP: apple2.a do not have a place to store this information, so it may get 'lost' when you upload the file. Similarly, when you download a file, you may not know the file type. Most comm programs will use some default. For NuFX archives, this is not a big deal, since .ARC ARC Archive (IBM ARC, GS Shrinkit, //e Angel or DeArc2E) .CPT Compactor Pro archive (Compactor Pro on a Mac only) .BSC [TEXT] BinScii file. (BinScii) .BSQ [TEXT] BinSCII'ed NuFX file. (BinScii--then Shrinkit) .BXY NuFX archive with a Binary II header. (Shrinkit) .BNY BLU archive. (Shrinkit) .BQY NuFX or Binary II with BLU header. (Shrinkit) .BNX NuFX with BLU header. (Shrinkit) .DAR Disk Archive and Retrieval File - Apple /// .exe [TEXT] Executioner file. May only work96F90CFA9008DFCBFA9018DFDBFA0 A90885A420732090242039FB2058FCA200BD9220F00620EDFDE8D0F5200CFDA9 ====================================================================== This FAQ is available on-line at apple2.archive.umich.edu (see FTP) CopyLeft 1994 by Dan 151 E00:38 A5 FF D0 32 D8 20 8E FD AD 30 BF 8D 6A 0E 20 00 BF C7 6D 0E 0D 80 02 E18:D0 1D 20 00 BF C5 69 0E B0 15 AD 81 02 29 0F AA E8 8E 80 02 A9 2F 8D 81 A90885A420732090242039FB2058FCA200BD9220F00620EDFDE8D0F5200CFDA9 008DF2038DF3038DF4036CFCFFE6A4A5A4C^08N7n\NB7Dd!eMN&eYX0Am=fXp dsPAsp7rh`I'NS0ALAfi2)2ysGEQ$k9CP%L9 uuencoded file (.uu) begin 666 nonsense.junk M4W5N3U,s4F5L96%S92 T+C$s\%-$4U0V,"Ds(SsZ(%1U92!/8W0s.2 Q,CHS M...3HT.2!%1%0s,3DY, HT4F5L96%S92 T+C$s4F5L96%S92 T+C$s Executioner (.exe) CALL-IAI02DA9ARMQEDtAQhmAIVZ gYITA6u7xADA0MjM3YTNBlDOENkQwYURzITM2UDN5gzNDJUQGVERyEDM1QzM4cjN CFUOFR0QxAjR0MjM3YTNBlDOENkQwAQRzITM2UDN5gzNDJUQGVERyEDM1QzM4cjN NuFX (Shrinkit Archive) (.SHK) NuFilei][![/#NuFX_<:c[[[ H`F-fGSCII~[ cRJ0)fNN^P)3'A2p6SF6X#GPd<9#'LCd" command). Once you have identified the file, see the previous section (on filename extensions) for what to do next. BinSCII: (.BSC, .BSQ) FiLeStArTfIlEsTaRt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789() GBINSCII AQhmAAAAA8)4M############## # Q#13 How do I tell what kind of file this is? 2/8/95 # ########################################################### Here is a sample of what file formats look like, in case you get stuck. View the file in an editor (or use the UNIX "hea the filename extensions apart one at a time and you should be able to reconstruct the original file. (i.e. somefile.bsq.tar.Z would mean: uncompress, untar, unbinscii, then unShrink to get the original file!) #############################################chive' above will contain multiple files, and even subdirectories. Most archivers are also compressed the files to make the whole smaller than the sum of it's parts. (only in computers ;) Sometimes you will find multiple filename extensions. Simply takee BINARY files. Binary files cannot be sent over e-mail, posted to the newsgroups or FTP'd in text mode. You must FTP them in binary mode (see the section on FTP). You can download either with kermit, X-,Y- or Z-Modem. Generally, anything labeled as 'Ar IBM Zoo Archive (GS Shrinkit or IBM ZOO program, //e Angel) .ZIP IBM Zip Archive (GS EXE Unzip, IBM PKUNZIP, Unix unzip, //e Angel) .Z Compressed file (GS Shrinkit, Unix uncompress, //e Angel) All of these types, except the ones marked [TEXT] ara shrunk disk image. (Shrinkit) .tar Unix Tape Archive (Unix 'tar -xvf', GS EXE tar) .txt [TEXT] An ASCII text file: usually english text. .TIFF Graphics format (GS SHR Convert) .uu Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (//e uudecode, Unix uudecode) .ZOO (Shrinkit) .SEA Self-extracting archive (Might be Mac, Might be Shrinkit archive) .SIT Mac StuffIt archive. (Stuffit on Mac or GS ShrinkIt) GS Shrinkit will not decode StuffIt Deluxe files. .SHK NuFX archive. (Shrinkit) .SDK NuFX with on GS) .JPG Newer graphics format. (only Unix/IBM/etc viewers) .JPEG Newer graphics format. (only Unix/IBM/etc viewers) .LZH LZH Archive (IBM/Amiga LZH program, //e Angel) .LHA LHA Archive (IBM/Amiga LZH program, //e Angel) .QQ BLU archive. in DOS 3.3. See above. NB: .EXE also means IBM executable program.. .GIF Graphics Interchange Format: Compressed picture. (IIGIF for //e, many programs for all other computers) .HQX [TEXT] Mac BinHex file. (BinHex on Mac or GSCII+ DeMaggio. Non-profit distribution encouraged. Mail me at: dmag@umich.edu -- dmag@umich.edu | When laws are outlawed, | Ono-Sendai: the best Dangerous Dan | only outlaws will have laws. | Sim Stim decks -- dmag@umich.edu | When laws are outlawed, | Ono-Sendai: the best Dangerous Dan | only outlaws will have laws. | Sim Stim decks 79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING"::202 1020#2,B$(I),16,B)ž#242:::1160Z=1#2;A$:"78A";A$Z=Z+1:Z>1842:::Z=1980*:=23:=0::"79C";"CONTINUE...?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"10 MENU.MAKER TEXT MODULESEG=0"MENU.MAKER"890&*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:z:A$="LISTING "+B$(I),16,B)$=01:=0::"80C";A$;::12)>=23:=0::" Chat information A2.FAQ.Pt2 : Part 2 of 2 part info on the Apple II Email Only, and much more. K.12.INET.FAQ : The Internet for teachers! A2.FAQ.Pt1 : Part 1 of 2 part info on the Apple II SIDE TWO FAQS.3 INET.BY.EMAIL : Accessing the Internet with just EMAIL IRC.FAQ : Internet Relaye entire Apple II family! 3INET.04 SIDE ONE READ.ME.FIRST : What's on this disk. FAQS.2 (Directory) : A series of "FAQs" - Frequently Asked Questions files - about the World Wide Web, the Apple II and ///, Getting Information by Usingeed. These disks are a work in progress - please let us know how we can improve them for you. IF you would like to contribute more to them, or make some adjustements here and there, please let us know. We want these disks to be a wonderful resource to ths the Macs and PCs can do these days with their Web Surfers, etc. BUT computers were accessing the Internet for years before these latest software goodies ever showed up. And besides - you don't need the memory or special software that the newer machines n for you about the Internet and how you can use it with your Appe II or /// computer. That's right - literally ALL Apple IIs - from the Plus on up to the GS and any version of the /// - can and do have the ability to surf the Internet. It's not as pretty a APPLE II FAMLY INTERNET STARTER'S KIT Compiled by: David Ottalini WAP /// SIG Co-Chairman September/October 1995 Welcome to the WAP Apple Family Internet Starter Kit! We've attempted to compile literally a ton of information 30C$="N"C$="n"1160;:=23:=0::"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING": $1020.202 8::Z=1B::=23:=0::"79C";"WOULD YOU LIKE A PRINTED COPY?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"1170*C$="N"C$="n"EAD PASCAL TEXT FILES."04=10:"78C";"ANY KEY RETURNS TO THE MENU."!>G$:::".D1/MENU.MAKER",320R",220(204::"79A";""; 2D=1:F=1 <#4;a$ FD=D+1 P#5;a$ZD=60#5;12)dD=60D=1nF=F+1::d$;::Y=1100:Y x13402  CATCH PASCAL TEXT FILES 202 :F*=08:"78C";"SORRY BUT MENU.MAKER CAN'T R".D1/MENU.MAKER",220 d$="" A$="PRINTING "+B$(I),16,B)=01:=0::"80C";A$;:#3,B$(I),16,B)Z=1#3;b$:"78A";b$Z=Z+1:Z=18:1290 1260 #4,B$(I),16,B)#5,".PRINTER"+ž#4#5;12):::".D1/MENU.MAKE